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Based on a Western perspective, this study utilized big data technology and web crawlers to obtain relevant ethnic and cultural information resources in Japan. Subsequently, these resources were sorted out, including the standardization and classification of content, to form a cultural resource base with national characteristics. At the same time, a BP neural network was used to evaluate the relevant factors. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the model were verified by collecting relevant data and applying multiple linear regression methods. Among the positive probabilities, personal thoughts and social atmosphere were 0.8 and 0.66, respectively, which influenced the formation and orientation of the Japanese national cognitive structure to a certain extent. Traditional customs and religious beliefs are the factors that contribute the most to ethnicity cognition, with weights of 0.5474 and 0.4689, respectively. In the significance analysis, the p-values of dietary culture, dress culture and geographic environment are greater than 0.05, which indicates that these factors do not have a significant positive influence on ethnicity cognition.