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In this study, we experiment with light expand clay aggregate medium used in landscape industry in order to find the ideal lightweight media combination that is helpful for plant growth, without the price being high. We mixed the light-weight medium with sandy loam for use in landscape construction in southern Taiwan. We tested 8 plants and 3 medium and tested light expand clay aggregate base, thus achieving the results. The prescription for medium pH value is detected, with most of the medium showing a low-alkaline environment. The ratio of light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam is 2:8, thus increasing the coverage and growth for Duranta repens, Murraya paniculata, Portulaca grandiflora, and Zoysia matrella. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expands clay aggregate to sandy loam is 5:5, is suitable for Liriope platyphylla, Spathoglottis plicata. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam is 8:2, is suitable for Alpinia speciosa, Podocarpus costalis. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expands clay aggregate to sandy loam is 8:2, is suitable for Portulaca grandiflora during the rainy season. Light expand clay aggregate medium is more suitable for Liriope platyphylla, Spathoglottis plicata. The prescriptions, whereby the ratio of lightweight medium (light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam) is 2:8, which is suitable for more kinds of plants. Different media prescriptions are well-grown planting combinations, in which one can choose different plant species based on the environment and in order to create biodiversity. This can be achieved to reduce the building load and may provide a good environment for the growth of plants and create space in favor of green roofs.

The variation of futures price is affected by a lot of factors. It is a challenge to predict the price’s trend. In this paper, we apply random forest technique to predict the type of K-line in next day. First, we empirically select nine technical indexes as input variables or features. Then, these features and the associated class label, i.e. the type of K-line, are used to construct RF classifier. The experimental results demonstrate that RF is effective and can be used in the trend prediction of futures price.

Poor energy output and high cost are the key factors to inhibit the development and application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Different types of modification techniques for anode material are suggested to improve power performance in MFCs. nanoFe2O3 is characteristics of no toxicity, biocompatibility and low cost. In this work, stainless steel mesh (SSM), ultracapacitor activated carbon with SSM (AcM), Fe2O3 added AcM (AMF) anodes are investigated to improve MFCs performance. The highest maximum power density (806 ± 26 mW·m-2) is obtained in AMF anode, which is 11 % higher than that of AcM (730 ± 27 mW·m-2), and 57 folds higher than that of SSM anode (12 ± 0.7 mW·m-2). The semi-conducting properties of passive film on the anode surface play a rather important role in anodic reaction by Mott-Schottky analysis. Tafel test demonstrates that the exchange current density (8.36×10-4 A·m-2) is improved by 20 % for AMF compared with AcM control (6.93×10-4 A·m-2). These results show AcM is suitable as MFCs anode, and further addition of Fe2O3 can increase the extracellular electron transfer in that way increase power production in MFCs.

Artificial neural network method was used to forecast the wind speed, and two wind speed forecasting models were built based on BP and RBF neural network methods. 24 hours continuous wind speed forecast was conducted for a single wind turbine in wind farm. The results show that the models built are reasonable and have high prediction accuracy. By comparing the two kinds of wind speed forecasting models, BP neural network forecasting model has higher prediction accuracy than RBF neural network forecasting model in wind speed, but it demands much more training time.

In photoelectric micro-power supply integrated on chip, the conversion efficiency of solar cell was lower compared with canonical solar cell. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, three technologies (fabricating back surface field, fabricating surfaces texture and reflector) were adopted in integrated process of photoelectric micro-power supply on chip. The relevant theory of the three technologies was introduced. The optimum schedule of the photoelectric micro-power supply integrated on SOI wafer was proposed. The conversion efficiency of solar cells was analyzed by simulation tools (PC1D). The results prove the conversion efficiency of solar cells was improved from 9. 34% to 13.3%.

For the problem of interval multiple attribute group decision-making, this paper studies the Cloud-PROMETHEE method. First, we can obtain the comprehensive weight. Second, we transform the interval decision matrix into cloud by cloud model because of randomness and fuzziness of date information. With the help of the PROMETHEE, we use overall priority index to determine the order of alternatives. Finally, an example concerns analysis, which is the risk analysis of planning process of new energy products, is given to show the feasibility and availability of the method.

Stadium vomitory width plays a very important role in the evacuation process of large number of spectators. The current estimation method of vomitory minimum width in China building codes often brings architects misunderstanding in the egress design and evacuation performance of stadiums. Therefore, this paper investigates the composition of spectator crowds in different events hosted in stadiums, their movement capability and way-finding behaviors, build a typical unit of terraced stand based on the parameters given by building codes, use agent-based model STEPS to simulate and analyze the effect of vomitory width on stadium evacuation efficiency. The simulated results show that the vomitory width affects stadium evacuation efficiency very differently. Architects should organize the circulation system reasonably and provide guidance for spectator crowds while designing the stadiums, not blindly increase the vomitory.

The influence factors of Photovoltaic (PV) cells characteristics integrated on chip were analyzed based on the fabrication process and the structure of the PV cells and CMOS devices. The results show the substrate doping concentration, the emitter doping concentration, the emitter junction depth and the thickness of device layer directly determine the conversion efficiency, open voltage and the light-generated current of photovoltaic cells. In the emitter doping concentration range of 1×1019/cm3 to 1×1021/cm3 and the substrate doping concentration range of 1.0×1015/cm3 to 1.0×1017/cm3, the Photovoltaic cells have batter conversion characteristics. The PV cells were designed based on the analysis results in PC1D, and the conversion efficiency is 9.43%. The Photovoltaic cells and the CMOS devices have batter fabrication technology compatibility integrated on chip.

Candida rugosa Lipase was immobilized on the activated nylon-6 membrane using 0.5% glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The immobilized lipase had an improved temperature and pH stability and exhibited good reusability. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second order rate equation and the biosorption isotherms correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Negative ΔG indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and the positive of ΔH indicated that the adsorption was endothermic.

Network coding has recently attracted attention as a substantial improvement to packet retransmission schemes in wireless multicast broadcast services (MBS). In this paper, we are interested in applying the maximum clique approach to the network coding based multicast retransmission problem in the MBS systems. Our figure of merit is the transmission efficiency which is an important design parameter for some MBS systems, such as the satellite broadcasting networks since it affects the energy efficiency and delay of the system directly. We show that introducing the idea from network coding allows us to realize significant benefits in terms of transmission efficiency for the problem of multicasting and broadcasting, and develop an algorithm that allow to realize these benefits in practice.

The disadvatages of traditional pattern of flue-cured tobacco are low work efficiency, high system error, and poor quality of tobacco and so on. In order to conquer the above shortcomings, a kind of monitoring system was designed in flue-cured tobacco barn based on ARM7 to implement the automation and intelligentization of flue-cured tobacco. The LPC2103 chip was chosen as the microprocessor of monitoring system. The data of temperature and humidity of barns was collected with the AM2303 sensor. We built the hardware platform based on embedded technology, and developed the corresponding software system for monitoring the control object of flue-cured barn in real-time, for implementing the automation of three stages flue-cured period which is yellowing stage, turning color stage and stem drying stage. The environmental data of flue-cured tobacco barn could be saved by the storage module .The result of testing experiments, which contain three periods of flue-cured tobacco, show that the features of our monitoring system ,which are nice control precision, lower system error, sooner response ,and good stability and so on, could be taken advantages of. The embedded technology of ARM7 could be used to improve the efficiency of flue-cured tobacco to guarantee the quality of tobacco, and cut the cost of labor, meanwhile, it could be applied to all kinds of flue-cured tobacco barns as well.

Smart grid puts forward higher requirements for measurement equipments, so optical current transducer (OCT) used in power system possess broad application prospects. In this paper, magnetism gathering technology is applied in the design of OCTs optical structure and the magnetism gathering optical structure based on solenoid coil is proposed. Compared with traditional bulk optical structure, this structure simplifies the optical structure significantly. Results of simulation and field operation indicate that this structure can not only enhance the magnetic field created by the measured current significantly, but also improve the long-term operation stability of OCT.

Metal wear debris is an important component of contamination in lubrication oil, and is also an essential information carrier in hydraulic oil. Based on inductive Coulter counting principle, a microfluidic device to detect metal wear debris in oil is presented in this paper. The proposed device can make the distance between the particles in oil and the embedded induction coil very small, and hence greatly improve the sensitivity of the detection. The results indicate that eddy current within particles increase ability to detect copper particles, and decrease the sensitivity to iron particle.

Groundwater is always one of the main source of drinking water. But due to the vast use of nitrogenous fertilizer and irrationally discharge or utilization of animal wastes, domestic sewage and nitrogen-contained industrial waste drainage, the groundwater in the rural area is seriously polluted by Nitrate to varied degree.

Ant colony algorithm, as a new optimized design is introduced in the design of drainage systems. Compared this with manually algorithms on the basis of practical examples, it brightens a promising future in water supply and drainage design.

In this paper we use the same idea as the complex analytic dynamics to study general Mandelbrot sets and Julia sets generated from the complex non-analytic iteration . The definition of the general critical point is given, which is of vital importance to the complex non-analytic dynamics. The general Mandelbrot set is proved to be bounded, axial symmetry by real axis, and have (m+1)-fold rotational symmetry. The stability condition of periodic orbits and the boundary curve of stability region of one-cycle are given. And the general Mandelbrot sets are constructed by the escape-time method and the periodic scanning algorithm, which present a better understanding of the structure of the Mandelbrot sets. The filled-in Julia sets Km,c have m-fold structures. Similar to the complex analytic dynamics, the general Mandelbrot sets are kinds of mathematical dictionary or atlas that map out the behavior of the filled-in Julia sets for different values of c.

For nuclear power plant, station black-out (SBO) is the events that contribute significantly to the level-I core damage risk. For an SBO, it is assumed that both the off-site power and on-site diesel generators fail to supply alternating-current power for the plant systems. SBO induced steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) is a concern because the steam generator (SG) tubes are parts of the reactor coolant pressure boundary and failure of the SG tubes may lead to fission products bypassing the containment. The SG tube integrity may be challenged by high temperature and high pressure conditions and may have a potential to fail due to creep rupture. This study focuses on the probability of SBO induced SGTR accidents under the station blackout (SBO) with RCS integrity, seal LOCA and steam relief valves remaining stuck open for the reference plant. At last, the sensitivity of the tube thick is studied.

Smart grid makes new request for the representation and application of power grid knowledge. To solve the problem of “information isolated island” caused by the continuous development of power grid and the ineffectively use of massive domain knowledge, ontology technology is introduced into the smart grid field. Each link of smart grid is analyzed and new request for knowledge it makes is introduced. Then a simple introduction of ontology and ontology modeling is made. Referring to the defects of existing ontology modeling methods and considering the specific reality of smart grid, an ontology modeling method suitable for the smart grid field is presented, which is aiming at providing guidance on ontology modeling of smart grid. Finally a modeling example is given which proves the feasibility and efficiency of the method.

The accurate electric vehicle charging load model shall be established to analyze potential challenges of static and dynamic stability brought by electric vehicles. In this paper, experiments with the electric vehicle charger and battery were carried out to analyze the model characteristics. And then this model was compared to the composite load model. At last, the modeling approach of static and dynamic model of electric vehicles was proposed.

Virtual maintenance training is playing a more and more important role in aircraft equipment maintenance training. But there are usually some questions such as long period and high cost in the process of virtual maintenance development. It is an effective method to solve above problems by Ngrain during the process of virtual maintenance development. This paper introduces the process of virtual maintenance application development based on Ngrain, and analyses advantages of the software in development. In the end, this paper discusses the key technology and evaluates the method by a case of aircraft virtual maintenance software development.

The rice husk from China has been non-isothermally pyrolysed on thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA). The analyses were performed at different heating rates (20, 40, 60, 80, 100°C/min) up to 900°C with nitrogen as purge gas. The weight loss curve showed that the main pyrolysis of rice husk took place in the range of 200~500°C. On the basis of experiment data, a pyrolysis kinetic model was proposed. The kinetic parameters of activation energy(E) and frequency factor(A) were obtained by the Direct Arrhenius Plot Method. There was no clear relationship between activation energy and heating rate.

Particleboard is a widely used panel material because of its physical properties and low cost, the hot-pressing operation is the one of the most important stages of the whole particleboard production in which many physical processes are involved, such as mat moisture content and distribution, heat transfer. A number of factors are involved including resin type, press temperature, wood species and press closing time, pressure during pressing, Considering coupled heat transfer with resin release ,we presented a mathematical model have been given and solve the modeling with the method of variable separation characteristics and function expansion method. The model has described the relation of center layer temperature changes with pressing times. It is helpful for further research of Internal change in hot-pressing

The safety of the six-state scheme in the practical communication systems was studied based on an effective eavesdropping method, which called path attacks adopted by eavesdroppers. In the practical systems, eavesdropper can select appropriate path to eavesdrop on legitimate users to obtain some information. This method will keep photon number distribution in the laser pulses, and the eavesdropper can be hidden by the losses of quantum channel without being detected. The results show that eavesdropper can get more information with the increase of transmission distance and the average number of photons.

Considering the seepage stress coupling of fractured rock mass, the multiple holes grouting problems were simulated to analyse the spread regularity by Universal Distinct Element Code(UDEC).The results show that the correlation between grouting pressure and the diffusion distance is positive, whereas the correlation between ground stress and diffusion distance is negative; With the raising of grouting holes, the diffusion distance is increasing and becoming more uniform in all directions, and the grout pressure and saturation is falling and attenuation amplitude is decreasing along the direction of grout diffusion; With the increasing of fracture aperture, the grout diffusion distance is increasing, and the grout pressure and saturation attenuation amplitude is decreasing along the direction of grout diffusion.

Based on the actual measurement datum in flood seasons in the Ningmeng Reach of the Upper Yellow River Reach, Authors search the law of erosion and deposition and sediment transport characteristics with built the quantitative correlation of erosion and deposition efficiency and water and sediment combination (sediment coming coefficient, sediment concentration/discharge)of the flood season. When the sediment coming coefficients of flood season is0.0038kg.s/m6 the Ningmeng reach in relative equilibrium state. The Ningmeng reach has the characteristic of “the more sediment coming, the more depositing, the more sediment transporting”, the sediment discharge increases with sediment concentration of coming flow increasing. The result of these research can be used in the Yellow River management and alluvial channel regulation.

Drucker-Prager linear elastic-perfectly plastic model and the associated flow rule, a numerical simulation study has been conducted on the layered asphalt concrete pavement structure, using the 2D axisymmetric finite element method (FEM). Pursuant to empirical equation of the stability, cohesion and internal friction angle of asphalt concrete, and in line with experimental test subjects on pavement material and pavement performance, the impact of mechanical parameters of each layer of asphalt concrete on the road surface deflection and the evolution law of plasticity in each structural layer under standard axle load has been studied.

According to engineering analysis on the performance and the causes of constructive faults of mortar masonry retaining wall , such as drain hole losing effectiveness, settlement joints out of plumb, mortar of pointing falling off and surface’s unevenness, and their prevention measures are summarized.

Built on soft soil foundation, the runways settlement of Ningbo Airport has been observed since operation. Through observations respectively after one and nine years in service, we find that the post-construction settlement is directly related to the soft layer thickness and the sand drain depth; meanwhile the accumulated impact caused by landings of aircrafts is yet another factor which cannot be neglected. Post-construction settlement mostly occurs in the initial operation stage of the airport. The maximum cumulative post-construction settlement is 12.95cm one year after operation and increases to 23.70cm nine years after, which is far beyond the design value 8cm. The differential settlement is less than 4cm one year after operation, and stays below 4cm nine years after except for a few points, which basically meets the design requirements.

Planting Orychophragmus violaceus in light-weight green concrete is feasible by drilling method. O. violaceus roots can fit the plant-growing concrete and surrounding perlite. Compared with O. violaceus roots growing in soil, the number of lateral and fibrous roots around the taproot growing in light-weight green concrete is much more. O. violaceus can be selected as a plant species growing in greening concrete.

With a piston ring reciprocating liner test rig, the tribological behavior at top dead center of diesel engine was evaluated between hydrorefined mineral oil (HMO) and two kinds of cylinder liner/piston ring, chromium-plated+honing/physical vapor deposition (CP/PVD) and boron-phosphrous alloy cast iron+honing/physical vapor deposition (CI/PVD). Friction coefficient vs. temperature at different loads was used to discriminate the principal function of tribofilm. The analysis shows that the interface between CP/PVD and HMO was subject to thin film lubrication with stearic acid at 70-150°C. When the temperature exceeds 150°C, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) began to change the friction status of interface. However, the steady boundary lubrication of CI/PVD exists from 50—250°C at different loads and can not distinguish the scope of additives effects. The reason can be attributed to the chemical reactivity of chromium and iron with the HMO. The soluble Fe2+ or Fe3+ of CI/PVD maybe played an important role in the tribofilm activation level. The understanding provides friction pairs selection at definite lubrication oil and a design guideline for boundary films.

We usually adopt DSP and ARM to perform signal collection and processing. However, functions of DSP and ARM largely depend on the software. Parameter modulation of the software must account for sampling time partly. Moreover, software can not control complex peripheral logic circuit very well. The above problems render DSP and ARM containing big flaws in high-speed data collection and processing. Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) possesses the characteristics of timeliness, controllability and rapid processing speed. The paper designed a new circuit based on FPGA to obtain high-speed signal, and utilized FFT IP core in FPGA to perform spectral analysis with the help of digital signals from the circuit. The paper introduced the design based on FPGA and verified that it possesses good performance according to actual experiments.

Wear debris in hydraulic oil causes most of the faults of hydraulic system and is also an important information carrier, so it is essential to check the condition of wear debris in hydraulic oil. On the basis of inductive principle and microfluidic chip technology, the design of a microfluidic chip of oil detection is presented in this paper. the relation between coil geometry parameters and inductive change of planar inductor are analyzed through the related experimental statistics, the result being that when the ferrous metallic particle flows through planar inductor, the measured inductance variation increases with the number of turns and decreases with the coil line width.

Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated total reflection (ATR) technology and partial least square (PLS) method, the rapid quantification method of hemoglobin (HGB) in human soluble blood samples was established. Based on the distribution of samples’ HGB chemical value and absorbance on 1543 cm-1 which had the highest signal to noise ratio for HGB, all samples were divided into calibration set and prediction set for 50 times. PLS models were established for all divisions, based on the average data RMSEPAve, the stable optimal model was selected, the corresponding PLS factor, RMSEPAve and RP,Ave were 2, 6.81 g/L and 0.943 respectively.

PCNN model has the characteristic of similar group neurons releasing pulse synchronously, which is suitable for image segmentation that performs logarithmic transformation on luminance component of color image in order to accord with human visual characteristics. During the segmentation process of R, G, B three components of color images, choosing neuron key parameters by genetic algorithm, controlling iteration by skewness indicators, achieving edge detection of split graphs from R, G, B three components in the model of Unit-Linking PCNN, and getting final results by the strategy of weighted combination. Simulation results show that the approach can embody more contour details of images, and is more self-adaptive.

Concrete is the most common material used in buildings and its performance is improving. The plant-growing concrete was developed for conveniently greening. The plant species to able to grow in the plant-growing concrete was few. The habitat of plants grown in the plant-growing concrete is very similar to Karst soil environment. The plants of adaptability to Karst were adapted to the Karst stresses of high calcium and pH, low nutrition and drought. The plant-growing concrete combined with the plants of adaptability to Karst can apply in ecological slope protection, roads and roofs greening, and vertical greening. The vertical greening by the plant-growing concrete combined with the plants of adaptability to Karst will enlarge the green areas, beautify the cities and increasing landscape diversity.