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The strain-based failure assessment diagram (SB-FAD) has been developed to predict failure due to high plastic strains. This paper validates the SB-FAD by finite element results for high strength pipeline steel (X80, X80HD, and X90) with four representative specimens (CT, CCP, DECP, and SCEP) of different crack sizes, respectively. The influence of material properties, geometries and crack sizes on failure assessment curves were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the modified Option-1 curve of SB-FAD is given in this paper. The results showed that the modified Option-1 curve of SB-FAD is more accurate when the value of abscissais Dr small and more conservative when the value of abscissa Dr is large.

As part of studies into the use of Smartphones as solar-radiation monitors, this article characterizes the violet response of a consumer complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based Smartphone image sensor in a controlled laboratory environment, with an adjustable Lamp as a radiation source, a band-pass filter (central wavelength is 400nm) covered on Smartphone camera lens and a ASD spectrometer observing synchronously. It is found that a logarithmic relationship appears between CMOS-based sensor imaging DN values and irradiance, and the red (R) component in the chromo-photograph is linearly relative to irradiance. In addition, a Smartphone can be used as a convenient and low-cost scientific instrument in the field of monitoring radiation characterization, due to its capacity to detect usable irradiances.

In this paper, author uses the camera as a capture tool for video, and then uses the ARToolKit, develops a assembling computer experiment based on augmented reality. It can run leave from the hardware environment, save equipment, reduce equipment loss and save the experimental cost. If this method is applied to high cost or dangerous operating experiment, it is helpful.

This paper describes how to realize the virtual jewelry worn system based on ARToolkit technology. This technology can help consumers experience the jewelry worn on his body effect before receive the actual product, it can enrich people's online shopping experience. Augmented Reality technology lets online shoppers use the virtual goods to resolve the gap is larger between apparel goods and photos of them.

The article introduces three-dimensional panoramic technology, and take Fang Zhimin martyr’s cemeter for instance, meanwhile, the process of using panoramic technology to create three-dimensional red tourist sites is described here in detail. It is thought that three-dimensional panoramic technology makes great sense in the protection of red cultural heritage.

To solve some problems about the substation bus voltage monitoring, a remote monitoring system based on MCU and GPRS module is designed in this paper. The system consists of data acquisition terminals, communication networks and monitoring PC. STC12C5608AD is used as the control core of the data collection terminal, which extends power modules, data acquisition modules, wireless transmission modules in order to realize the data acquisition, processing and transmission. GPRS is adopted in the communications network to realize the voltage information remote wireless transmission. Configuration software ForceControl6.0 is used in PC to realize remote monitoring. The system is tested in a lab environment, and running well.

This paper extends the optimization model of space truss finite element method to planar steel lattice truss structures under multiple constraints involved with the strength and the stability of members as well as the mid span deflection based on sequential linear programming (SLP) and affine-scale dual algorithm with the size of members as the optimization variables and the minimum weight as the optimization objective. Algorithm implemented with programming, an example of square pyramid space grid is meant for the verification of the optimization performance that the algorithm and program extends an active control to the stability and the mid span deflection as well simultaneously during optimization. Moreover, stress and deflection constraints were enlarged and reduced, the optimization results indicate that more districted constraints bring about greater ultimate steel consumption, which extends a certification to the effectiveness of the proposal optimization model to deal with all kinds of stress and displacement constraints.

Labyrinth seals are widely used in rotating fluid machinery, due to its simplicity, low-cost and reliability. In this paper, the effect of cavities on leakage loss in straight-through labyrinth seals are studied by changing gas condensability. The fluid flow characteristics through straight-through labyrinth seals are obtained by using viscous flow analysis along with a RNG k-ε turbulence model. The numerical calculation and various gas pressure is that leakage of compressible gas is greater than that of incompressible gas. The result is investigated by the heating effect of labyrinth seal and density characteristics of compressible gas.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is obtained by cooling the gas temperature to -162 degree. Problems with the steel cans, the insulation layer or the concrete tank of the LNG tank can lead to changes of the temperature, local temperature decreases, and the safety of the tank is threatening. Through the combination of many sets of infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of the LNG storage tank’s sidewall, analyze the heat imagine, establish the corresponding relationship between the locations on the sidewall of the LNG tank and on the heat imagine, determine the position of the temperature point on the tank wall. Infrared thermal imaging technique for the sidewall of LNG storage tank can find out the heat abnormal conditions and fixing the temperature drop area in time, and provide powerful guarantee for the safe storage of the liquefied natural gas.

Due to LNG liquid density is uneven, traditional LNG tank bottom discharge way produces layering and rolling phenomenon, in this paper, the way of charging LNG liquid in a circle is put forward. 30,000 square tank is taken as an example, the nozzle jet angle and nozzle number range are calculated. Through the selection of reasonable nozzle jet angle and nozzle number, the new charged LNG liquid flows circularly and mixes with original liquid automatically, the probability of layering and rolling phenomenon reduced greatly.

LNG gains popularity as a kind of clean and efficient energy, LNG tank dome air raising installation technology is a key problem for tank construction, chain preloaded is adopted in traditional balance guidance device, the wire rope tension cant maintain a constant in air raising, which brings great safety hidden trouble. In this paper, the tension control technology based on closed-loop was put forward, the tension control device was designed and the hydraulic system principle was designed. Tensioning force can be adjusted automatically in the air raising process by researching on LNG dome air raising technology based on closed-loop tension control. It is of great significance for improving the efficiency and safety in the process of air raising .

Bearing the gravity of rotary kiln barrel and the pressure between riding wheel and rolling ring, the surface defects appeared on casting large rotary kiln rolling ring, which caused large maintenance cost. While the life cycle of the rolling ring would be prolonged by using forging instead. The manufacture processing of large rotary kiln rolling ring was explored for changing casting to forging. The reasonable processing of smelting, forging and heat treatment were established.

This paper is about the preparation of polymer/hollow silica spheres composites with outstanding performances such as high thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, thermal stability ,etc. And the obtained composites are mainly used in high-frequency circuit substrate, packaging materials and connector materials and so on. Research the preparation technology of a new high-stability low-loss dielectric polymer nano-composite materials, get the experience of design and characterization of materials and explore the law of structure and dielectric properties of materials, it is great value for the development of the new polymer materials and new products in electronic information industry.

The spline finite point method (SFPM) that is based on the third order shear deformation beam theory (TSDT) is introduced to investigate the shape control of smart beam, which is integrated with PZT and SMA actuators. The governing equations of the smart beam are given by the SFPM and TSDT. The shape control problem is formulated as the problem of minimizing the objective function to study the shape control effects of the smart beam under the different control methods. To demonstrate the less computational cost and higher accuracy of the SFPM, several numerical examples are calculated. The advantages of both smart materials and the effective control of smart structure can be obtained by the hybrid actuators.

With the rapid development of high-rise frame-tube office buidings in domestic large and medium-sized cities, it brings the problem about the study of quantities. Traditional structural design can meet the requirements of all kinds of standards, but it wastes materials, which is now taken seriously. Structural optimization design can save materials. This paper carries structural optimization design on eight high-rise frame-tube structures, and proposes a predictive method for concrete and steel-bar dosage of high-rise frame-tube structures after analysis. The predictive method makes it possible to predict the dosage before the structural design without the tedious budget process. The predictive value is economical and reasonable, and it can provide reference for structural design and construction in the future.

The elementary unit of the optimization system for steel structure is optimization group. The optimization system takes advantage of the inheritance and polymorphism of VC++ to optimize the members with different amounts of variables or using different codes concurrently. The structure of the introduced system has good adaptive capacity of increasing optimized sections, as well as adding or updating codes. The constraints setting of the system can be adjusted according to the steel structure codes of different regions, which are mainly based on prevailing Chinese codes at the current phase. The system uses an advanced complex method which makes the result of optimization easier to be used in practical engineering since being available for discrete variables.

In order to evaluate the effective of the hydrodynamic control of pumps and slice gates in plain river network on the water quality improvement, an optimal mathematic model of hydrodynamic controlling on the pumps and slice gates in plain river network was established by combining the water quality objective function and the cost objective function together. The cost function has been set as the main objective function, while the water quality objective function was simplified as the restrained condition for every required water quality index, through which the multi-objective optimization was transferred into a single-objective optimization. Then, this optimal model was solved by coupling the water environmental model with the hybrid genetic algorithm. The case study of Jiaxing river network shows that the proposed hydrodynamic controlling optimal model in this paper can develop the optimal water diversion scheme for water quality improvement and cut its cost. It works better compared to the traditional water quality objective function and can be used in the engineering practice.

Vertical partitioning is a process of generating fragments, each of which is composed of attributes with high affinity. It is widely used in the distributed database to improve the efficiency of system by reducing the connection between the table access operations. The current research on vertical partitioning is mainly focused on how to measure the "affinity" to get the best-fit vertical partitioning and the n-way vertical partitioning which support generating the specific number of fragments required by the user. In this paper, we propose a vertical partitioning algorithm based on privacy constraint. It supports both the best-fit vertical partitioning and the n-way vertical partitioning. It also provides the data privacy protection by privacy constraint checking. We conduct several experimental results to show that our algorithm not only keeps higher efficiency, but also provides data privacy protection.

Anti-climber is one of the most important passive safety devices for railway vehicles. Based on the non-linear finite element method, properties of the anti-climber with different vertical offsets are simulated by the software LS-DYNA. The force-displacement curve is mainly analyzed, and the energy absorbed by the anti-climber is also calculated in order to assess the properties. At last, an improvement method with a cross structure inside the anti-climber is designed for the offset problem and is proved effective by the simulation.

The influencing factors of the oil and gas differential income conclude the oil quality, the oil and gas development stages, the regional economy and the environmental pollution. Through analyzing these influencing factors, determining the influence coefficient of each influencing factor, identifying the dynamic tax rate formula of different oil and gas fields on the basis of benchmark tax rate, then applying the formula to Daqing Olifield to calculate its dynamic tax rate, achieving the aim of obvious differential profit and fair tax burden.

Optimization of cylindrical ion trap is to be done for testing low mass ions such as H2+, H3+ ,He+. The principle of optimization is reducing the higher order fields, not the “-10% compens- ation” rule introduced by R.Graham Cooks. The model of CIT is built by CST. The best z0 is obtained when r0=10mm. At last, the MS of Hydrogen and Helium shows the optimization is successful.

In order to optimize the dosage and improve the coagulation effect when Yangtze river with low temperature and low turbidity was treated by conventional treatment in the winter, pilot study of enhanced conventional treatment was conducted by dosing two coagulant respectively and returning sludge in sedimentation tank to flocculant tank, so the optimal ratio of sludge return and the impacts of sludge return on effluent turbidity in sedimentation tank and the remove effect of CODMnwas discussed. The results indicates that the optimal sludge return ratio for Yangtze river in winter is 8%. Under 8% sludge return ratio ,the dosage is reduced from 12mg/L (under no sludge return) to 3mg/L~6 mg/L, and dosage is saved 50%~75%. When dosing respectively 3mg/L~6 mg/L composite coagulant and 3mg/L~6 mg/L polymeric aluminum chloride, it can make average effluent turbidity in sedimentation tank decrease to 3.7NTU~2.4 NTU ,8.1NTU~4..4 NTU respectively and the average removal rate of turbidity and CODMncan reach up to 94.3%~96.3%, 89.9%~94.5%,30.8%~39%,32.5%~38.6% respectively, so the requirement of effluent turbidity in sediment tank is met. Comparing to the treatment effect under no sludge return condition, sludge return can not only improve the treatment effect but also reduce the dosage greatly.

The recycled water is the important way to solve the shortage of water resources. In China the recycled water use in the jiangnan region is still in start level, rare setting up reclaimed water system inside the village . According to designing water system in jiangnan area, using the high quality miscellaneous drainage for raw water, filtering the all sizes of particle in water, and adopting the biological membrane system decompose the organic therein, the water after disinfection can be as the non potable water. This water system is simple in technology, not occupying the land, four years of recyclable cost and the operation maintenance costs are low.

Based on the whole-building systems approach that takes the entire office-building components as a system, which contains building site and its climate, air sealing and insulation of thermal envelop, energy-using equipment, we studied the appropriate energy-efficient remodeling strategy for wall, roof, window, door, HVAC system, lighting and lift in office-building.

For the partial synchronization problem in integration of workflow process model with data model, this paper develops an algorithm through synchronization edges to get synchronization processes. Firstly, a workflow model called RTWD net is introduced. Then the concepts of synchronization edge, process, synchronization process, base process, process tree, data type and trace-set of types is given. Finally, an algorithm for abstracting the synchronization process and a case study is presented.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of data model, and design an algorithm to generate a tree-like structure that describes the hierarchy of nested synchronizations. A data model and document tree example based on the RTWD net is studided. The resulting document tree shares information with control flow, and displays its hierarchy structure.

The field functions of the spline finite point (SFP) method were constructed by the linear combination of B-spline basis function, and the higher-precision results would be obtained with less discrete nodes by the SFP method. In this paper, based on Reddy's third order beam theory, a motion equation was developed by the SFP method to analyze the first five natural frequencies of piezoelectric laminated beam under different axial forces. The influence of second-order effect caused by the axial force on vibration control was discussed based on the modal control theory and the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) optimal control method. It can be concluded that the SFP method is suitable for the dynamic analysis of piezoelectric beam which needs less computational cost and has high accuracy. The vibration of the structure can be effectively inhibited by the LQR method and modal control theory. And the axial force has significant impact on the natural frequencies and control voltage of piezoelectric beam.

A fit-to-data technique was proposed to identify the mechanical and piezoelectric parameters of a model involving a piezoelectric laminated composite beam. Analytical solutions for displacement of the model were derived for parameter identification. The parameter identification problem was formulated as the problem of minimizing the objective function defined as a square sum of differences between the measured displacement and the computed displacement by the analytical solutions. Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to solve the minimization problem. The sensitivities of displacements with respect to the parameters were based on the finite difference approximation method. Numerical example shows that the proposed technique for parameter identification is effective.

The removal efficiency of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and its environmental hormone treated by biofilm reactor has been investigated. Besides, the the kinetic model of the degradation of DBP and its degradation products in the reactor have been discussed. The results indicate that the biofilm reactor had a positive effect on the removal of DBP and was able to significantly reduce the environmental hormone in DBP influent. The activity of β-galactosidase dropped from 13.55 millers to 3.3 millers and the removal efficiency of DBP reached 98.5% at water temperature 20°C and HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) of 4 hours. The metabolic intermediate of DBP in the reactor mainly consisted of dibutyl phthalate and phthalic acid. The kinetic models of the degradation of DBP can be expressed by Lawrence-McCarty equation.

In this paper, we propose a set of reduction rules of graphical representation in a workflow process model called RTWD net. The concept of synchronization processes is introduced for reducing net structure, and an algorithm of abstracting synchronization processes is presented. We can clarify the main structure of RTWD net model through reduction rules and abstracting its synchronization processes. Finally, the feasibility of the method is illustrated by a case study.

Staircase units have both active and hazard impacts on whole structure under earthquake. The existence of these impacts should not be neglected during designing process. Three sets of nonlinear finite element (FE) models of different types are finely built with and without staircase units, upon which dynamic earthquake analysis and pushover analysis are carried out to simulate the real earthquake disaster. Comparisons of overall properties, pushover performances, seismic response and internal force of elements are summarized and discussed between two models of a set. Potential dangerous elements are found while the reasons are generalized. Suggestions upon designing process are given as well.

The paper describes the impact of infrastructure investment to coordinated urban and rural development in China from three aspects. First, infrastructure investment can alleviate the question of ‘three rural issues’ of facilitating agriculture, boosting rural economy, and raising farmers’ income. Second, infrastructure investment can enhance production and living conditions of farmers, improve social undertakings and help build well-off society. Third, infrastructure investment can improve ecological environment in rural areas.

Bead-on-plate welds was made by underwater wet welding with flux-cored wire in a tailor-made pentrough. The effect of welding parameters such as welding speeds, welding currents and welding voltages on welds surface appearances and microstructure were studied. Orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize combination of different welding parameters. The results showed that the hardness (HV) of welds fusion zone ranged between 515 and 670 while the hardness (HV) of base metal was only 350. The fusion zone of the welds was mainly composed of columnar grain structure.

Because of the nonlinear of the cutting motor which is used in hi-frequency straight welded tube process, this paper designs a fuzzy control method used in the speed control system of the cutting motor. Furthermore, simulation test shows the control system that uses the fuzzy controller has better performances than that of the traditional PID control, which improve the dynamic performance, disturbance restraint performance and the steady precision.

The structure of the centrifugal pump with splitting blades is complex, and the law of the internal flow is not fully grasped. Therefore Reverse Engineering (RE) and numerical simulations of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are adopted to study the centrifugal pumps with splitter blades. In this process, the law of velocity and pressure distribution of internal flow about the centrifugal pump with splitter blades is preliminary disclosed. In addition, performance prediction was carried out in centrifugal pumps. Comparing to the calculation curve and text characteristic curve, it’s obvious that simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. The results verify the reliability and feasibility of the research method.

This paper aims to develop an effective and widely applicable creative design method. First, the relationships of integration between systematic inventive thinking (SIT) and theory of constraints (TOC) were analyzed. According to the analysis, a new model of SIT based on TOC was constructed. Next, the detailed creative design steps of this method were explained and a strategy to upgrade an old system or develop new systems based on an existing one was proposed in terms of this creative method. Then, an example was demonstrated to validate the method. This proposed creative design method is different from conventional approaches, which uses the elements in the design environment, and introduction of new element is avoided.