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Depth profiles of [sup 1]H and [sup 2]D in rapidly grown KD[sub 2x]H[sub 2(1-x)]PO[sub 4] single crystals are studied by elastic recoil detection analysis. Results show that, under ambient conditions, deuteration in the first ∼500 nm from the sample surface significantly decreases within the first several days after D[sub 2]O surface polishing. This effect is attributed to deuterium–hydrogen exchange. The effective diffusion coefficient of this process is strongly dependent on both the degree of deuteration and the sample growth conditions. Physical mechanisms of D/H exchange are discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observes the fullerene cage opening on silicon(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy. Correlation between silicon-carbon bonding and fullerene cage opening; Effect of thermal annealing on fullerene clusters; Agglomeration of opened clusters on the surface.