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A structural strain reconstruction based on the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is described in this paper. The fiber strain data obtained by the GWO algorithm and a modified transfer-matrix method (TMM) are verified by experimental data obtained using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. In the GWO algorithm, the optimization goal is set as the minimum error between the target experimental deformation spectrum and a random simulation strain spectrum, and the strain reconstruction is obtained by means of continuous iterative optimization. The validity of this method is confirmed by experimental strain data obtained by DIC, and the verification results show that the method proposed in this paper can be used as an accurate and efficient method of strain reconstruction.