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In this study, the application of low-level fusion (LLF) and high-level fusion (HLF) strategies using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy in the identification of antemortem and postmortem fracture at different postmortem intervals (PMIs) was investigated. On a technical level, the same hard tissue sample can be detected using a mix of FT-IR and Raman techniques. At the method level, two cutting-edge chemometrics approaches (LLF and HLF) combining FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic data are explored. The models were ranked in accordance with their parametric quality as follows: HLF and LLF + HLF models > LLF single model > Raman single model > FT-IR single model. The LLF model performed marginally better than the Raman model, however, when compared to other models, the HLF model performed considerably better. The HLF model achieved the best performance, with both cross-validation accuracy and test data set accuracy of 0.88. The importance of the feature wavelengths in the model construction process was subsequently evaluated by intersection fusion, and it was found that the absorbance bands of amide I, PO43– ν1 ν3, and CH2 in FT-IR and phenylalanine, CO32– ν1– PO43– ν3, and amide III in Raman have outstanding contributions to the construction of antemortem and postmortem fractures identification models. Overall, the combination of FT-IR and Raman with the HLF strategy is a novel and promising approach for developing antemortem and postmortem fracture identification models at different PMIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is of great significance in the field of forensic medicine because it can be considered a major cause of death or a vital reaction. Conventional histological analysis of lung tissue specimens is a widely used method for PFE diagnosis. However, variable and labor-intensive tissue staining procedures impede the validity and informativeness of histological image analysis. To obtain complete information from tissues, a method based on infrared imaging of unlabeled tissue sections was developed to identify pulmonary fat emboli in the present study. We selected 15 PFE-positive lung samples and 15 PFE-negative samples from real cases. Oil red O (ORO) staining and infrared spectral imaging collection were both performed on all lung tissue samples. And the fatty tissue of the abdominal wall and the embolized lipid droplets in the lungs were taken for comparison. The results of the blind, evaluation by pathologists, showed good agreement between the infrared spectral imaging of the lung tissue and the standard histological stained images. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging significantly simplifies the typical painstakingly laborious histological staining procedure. And we found a difference between lipid droplets embolized in abdominal wall fat and lung tissue. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]