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[Display omitted] • P/N/Si co-modified fabric was presented via covalent bond and electrostatic assembly. • Modified cotton fabric displayed excellent flame retardancy and self-extinguishing. • Improved washing durability was acquired with LOI of 27.1% after 50 LCs. • Smoke suppression performance was significantly improved. • Mechanical properties and moisture permeability were substantially retained. Flame retardant cotton fabric has attracted extensive attention and research with the increase of public safe awareness. However, it still remained a great challenge to balance the performances of high flame retardancy, durability, mechanical strength, as well as formaldehyde-free, comfort, green and feasible process. Herein, efficient, durable and breathable flame retardant cotton fabrics were fabricated through a one-pot approach based on a synergetic system combining phytic acid (PA) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). The modified cotton fabrics displayed high-efficiency fire resistance, self-extinguishing and excellent washing resistance due to the formation of surface hybrid network architectures from multiple covalent bonds (Si O C, C N, P O C) and electrostatic assembly. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) could retain at 27.1% after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). Moreover, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke release (TSP) declined by 85.89%, 52.72% and 47.22% compared with neat fabric, indicating boosted flame retardance and excellent smoke suppression ability. In addition, the proposed surface finishing process substantially retained the mechanical properties and moisture permeability, providing a simple and feasible approach for high-efficiency, durable and breathable flame retardant cotton fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • L-cysteine is first introduced into cotton fabric facilely using its hydrochloride. • Two antimicrobics are efficiently loaded and their synergistic effects are studied. • The integration of TA can significantly improve antibacterial activity of Ag NPs. • The presence of Ag NPs evidently makes cytotoxicity of tannic acid negligible. In this paper, L-cysteine (Cys) is firstly bonded to the surface of cotton non-woven (CO) fabric as esterification. In this way, Ag+ and tannic acid (TA) are adsorbed onto the modified fabric via complexation and hydrogen bond interaction. After a sustainable one-step redox reaction, a Cys modified CO fabric decorated with Ag NPs and TA (CO-Cys-Ag-TA) is prepared. Because of the stabilizing effect of Cys and TA, the synthesized Ag NPs with a mean size of 88.9 nm are uniformly distributed on the modified fabric surface. Through the comparative test, it has been revealed that the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs is improved after loading TA, and the loading of Ag NPs significantly reduces the cytotoxicity of TA. In this context, the bacteriostatic reduction rate of CO-Cys-Ag-TA against S. aureus and E. coli is close to 100%, and its antibacterial activities are greater than 98.5% after 50 washing cycles. Meanwhile, its cell viability value reaches up to 88.0% with the presence of 0.1 mg/mL to 0.8 mg/mL CO-Cys-Ag-TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]