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Ternary Bi–Sn–In micropowders and nanoparticles were prepared as a composite solder material via a gas atomization process and a chemical reduction method, respectively. The nanoparticles, with a 71.1 °C melting temperature, entered among the intervals of the higher melting temperature (79.4 °C) micropowders, and then reflowed at 110 °C on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. This considerably increased the thermal diffusivity of the nanoparticles to refine the surface morphology of the solder bumps. Their adhesion strength also increased from an average shear force of 0.33–0.43 N by viscosity improvement, afforded to the reinforcement of 5.0 wt.% added nanoparticles. However, the adhesion strength (0.25 N average shear force) of the composite solder bumps deteriorated at 15.0 wt.% added nanoparticles and resulted in a high electrical resistivity (72.53 ± 8.54 μΩ cm) due to the formation of their surface-oxidized phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to utilize visible light more efficiently in the photocatalytic reaction, N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) nanoparticles sensitized by Zn porphyrin including [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato]zinc(II) (ZnTCPP) and [tetraphenyl-porphyrinato]zinc(II) (ZnTPP) were prepared, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV–vis spectroscopy, etc. The characterization results show that the ZnTCPP is chemisorbed on the surface of TiO2 through an Oh name="sbnd" />Owhile the ZnTPP is physically adsorbed. N-TiO2 sensitized by Zn porphyrin exhibits higher absorption in the visible-light region and photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation than N-TiO2 and TiO2 sensitized by ZnTCPP. Moreover, their visible-light photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]