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Topographic modification in nanoscale is one of the most often used strategies to enhance the interfacial biocompatibility of implant materials. The aim of this work is to produce SiO 2 /TiO 2 coatings with nanoporous structures and favorable biological properties by atmospheric plasma spraying technology and subsequently hydrothermal etching method in hydrogen fluoride solution. The effects of hydrothermal time and temperature on the microstructures and osteoblast behavior of the SiO 2 /TiO 2 coatings were investigated. Results demonstrated that the as-sprayed SiO 2 /TiO 2 coating was mainly composed of rutile and quartz phases. After etching, nanoporous topographies were formed on the surface of the coatings and the hydrothermal parameters had important influences on the size and shape of the pores. The interconnected network pores on the coating surface could only produce at the appropriate hydrothermal conditions (the hydrothermal time and temperature were 60 min and 100 °C, respectively). Compared to TiO 2 and SiO 2 /TiO 2 coatings, nanoporous SiO 2 /TiO 2 coatings could enhance osteoblast adhesion and promote cell proliferation. The results suggested the potential application of the porous coatings for enhancing the biological performance of the currently used dental and orthopedic implant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]