Search

[Display omitted] • A novel rGO-ACC composite coating was electrodeposited in one step onto 316L stainless steel for bipolar plate. • The rGO-ACC composite coating enhances corrosion resistance, conductivity, and hydrophobicity. • The rGO layer serves as a physical barrier and conductive layer. In this paper, a convenient electrodeposition method is proposed to directly fabricate a reduced graphene oxide-amorphous carbon composite coating (rGO-ACC) on a 316L stainless steel substrate. The rGO-ACC coating is achieved through a one-step reduction by utilizing a choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES) with the dispersion of graphene oxide. The analysis results from SEM, Raman and XPS reveal that the obtained rGO-ACC coating, with layered wrinkle morphology, uniformly covers and covalently bonds to 316L stainless steel substrate. Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests showed that the corrosion current densities of rGO-ACC coated 316L stainless steel were of the order of 10-7 A cm−2 in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) working environment, indicating a significant improvement of corrosion resistance of 316L and an excellent electrochemical stability. Meanwhile, compared with the naked 316L steel, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of the coated stainless steel is significantly reduced due to the outstanding electrical conductivity of the coated rGO. The results manifested that deposited rGO-ACC on steel surface may be a highly promising modification method for PEMFC metal bipolar plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Matte black alloy film was made by simple multi-zone current density electrodeposition method. • The film has a high vertical light absorption of more than 96% in visible range. • The relationship between the surface morphology of alloy films and its coating process and parameters was investigated. • The distribution of the concentration of metal elements in the film layer along the thickness direction was analyzed. Black films have low reflectance or high absorptivity of light and can be used in a variety of optical applications. Tin-nickel alloys are commonly used to make black films, but both absorptivity coefficient and synthesis process need improvements for real applications. In this study, we prepared a uniform matte black thin film of Sn-Ni alloy by pyrophosphate electrodeposition, and investigate the effects of anode and cathode parameters, current density, anode and cathode distance, plating temperature, and pH and concentration of the plating solution on the absorptivity of the coating in visible range. Optimal process parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment design and Hull Cell tests, and the resultant thin film has a high vertical absorptivity of 96.7% in the visible range. The experimental result shows that the most effective parameter for electrodeposition is the multi-zone current density regulation. Additives in the plating bath are also important factors, whereas micro-etching can be skipped without apparent degradation in light absorptivity of the deposited film in the visible range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiAlSe@NiCoAl-LDH core–shell heterostructure has been constructed. • The synergy of NiAlSe and NiCoAl-LDH enhances the electrochemical behavior. • The energy density of the hybrid supercapacitor is 71.5 Wh kg−1 at 800.0 W kg−1. • The device achieves a 92.1% capacitance retention over 30,000 cycles. To explore a simple and convenient strategy for the construction of hybrid composites as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs), this research realized the construction of nickel − aluminium selenide (NiAlSe)@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) heterostructure. In-situ hybridization of NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets onto NiAlSe nanoparticles anchored on carbon cloth generates a special core–shell heterostructure, which enhances the exposure of active centers and increases the surface area. The formation of heterogeneous interfaces between NiAlSe and NiCoAl-LDH alters the electronic architecture and accelerates the electron/ion migration. By making full use of the structural benefits and the cooperative effect, the NiAlSe@NiCoAl-LDH composite electrode delivered a large capacitance (C s) of 1789.2F/g at 1 A/g along with a high retention rate of 94.7 % over 5,000 cycles, which outperforms the bare NiAlSe and NiCoAl-LDH. Meanwhile, the assembled NiAlSe@NiCoAl-LDH hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) attained maximum specific energy (E s) of 71.5 Wh kg−1. This HSC device exhibits superior cyclic durability of 92.1 % after 30,000 cycles. Thereby, this research offers valuable insights into the construction of robust electrode materials for advanced HSC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi 2 Se 3 films were successfully grown on conductive substrates with electrolytes in two temperatures; • The morphology and crystalline structure of the samples show dependence on the electrolyte temperature and substrates; • The Bi 2 Se 3 films with adequate optical properties for photovoltaic application were obtained. Bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3) is a semiconductor of great interest for application in energy conversion systems. In this work, the impact of electrolyte temperature on the morphology, crystalline structure, and optical properties of electrodeposited Bi 2 Se 3 films was studied on several conductive substrates. The layers were grown by potentiostatic deposition with electrolytes at 25 °C (RT) and 60 °C on Cr, ITO, and Au substrates. The SEM analyses show that compact and smooth films are obtained when the electrolyte is heated, whereas rough layers are formed at RT depositions. The XRD measurements indicated that the growth depends on substrates and electrolyte temperature, with the samples grown over Au demonstrating a higher crystalline quality. TEM analyses revealed nanostructured regions with monocrystalline SAED patterns are formed when the films are grown on Au at RT, while for the same substrate the depositions with electrolyte at 60 °C result in regions with a polycrystalline nature. The optical characteristics revealed bandgap values close to 1.50 eV that are obtained by adjusting the electrodeposition conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Compact Al − Fe alloy films were electrodeposited from chloroaluminate ionic liquids. • The Al − Fe alloys exhibit a single phase with much extended Fe solubility in α -Al. • Supersaturated Al(Fe) solid solutions are hard and corrosion-resistant. • The anionic speciation of Fe(II) in chloroaluminate ionic liquids was clarified. The heterogeneous microstructure in bulk aluminum (Al) alloys or coatings, comprising an α -Al solid solution matrix and coarse intermetallic compounds (IMCs), poses a challenge in balancing mechanical and anti-corrosion properties. This challenge is particularly pronounced in Al alloys with high iron (Fe) content. Here, supersaturated Al(Fe) solid solutions with a single phase have been electrodeposited using imidazolium chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs). Ferrous chloride (FeCl 2) dissolved in Lewis-acidic ILs is assumed to form Cl-bridged [Fe(AlCl 4) 4 ]2−, which, together with the well-known Al 2 Cl 7 − species, supports the reduction and deposition of Al(Fe) alloy coatings. The supersaturated Fe solutes significantly strengthens the Al matrix, with the hardness of Al(Fe, 6.6 at.%) reaching up to 3.43 GPa, surpassing that of any commercial Al alloys and other binary Al-based solid solutions. Moreover, the Al(Fe) deposits demonstrate superior anti-corrosion performance compared to pure Al. The homogeneous microstructure and extended Fe solubility within Al(Fe) solid solutions inherently contributes to a simultaneous improvements in mechanical and anti-corrosion properties. The nanograined and compact structure also benefit these properties. Accordingly, the combination of electrodeposition techniques and Al(Fe) alloys offers a promising approach for providing effective mechanical and chemical protection on metal surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiHN dual-doped with low contents of Fe and Se were investigated. • FeSe-NiHN 200 with exposed active sites was synthesized using a facile method. • FeSe-NiHN 200 showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for alkaline HER and OER. • FeSe-NiHN 200 exhibited outstanding conductivity, a large surface area, and stability. • FeSeNiHN 200 showed a strong synergistic effect between Fe, Se, and NiHN. The fabrication of highly efficient and stable catalysts for water oxidation is important to promote the development of the hydrogen fuel industry. In this study, dual-element-doped two-dimensional nickel hydroxide nitrate nanoarrays (NiHN) self-supported on nickel foam were fabricated via a facile electrodeposition process. The results demonstrated that Fe and Se were incorporated into the nickel hydroxide structure. The binder-free FeSe-NiHN catalyst exhibited low overpotentials of 129 and 250 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and at 100 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH media, respectively. Furthermore, a durability test conducted at 70 mA cm−2 for 28 h showed no evident degradation of the catalyst activity, verifying its exceptional stability. Thus, FeSe-NiHN is a potential water splitting electrocatalyst for inexpensive hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile electrodeposition approach is adopted to construct NiSe/MnSe@CoS heterostructure. • CoS coated NiSe/MnSe realizes the confinement effect and enhances the structural stability. • Synergistic effect of NiSe, MnSe, and CoS results in improved electrochemical behaviors. • Hybrid supercapacitor achieves 65.8 Wh kg−1 energy density at 1212.3 W kg−1 power density. • The device delivers outstanding stability over 20,000 GCD cycles. Transition metal selenides (TMSs) are emerging battery-type materials for supercapacitors (SCs) because of their high theoretical capacities and excellent intrinsic conductivity. Nevertheless, the slow kinetics and inferior cycling stability restrict their practical applications. In this investigation, a novel heterostructure consisting of NiSe/MnSe nanospheres and CoS nanosheets anchored on a carbon paper (CP) skeleton is fabricated by a rational two-step electrodeposition approach. The interaction and cooperation between NiSe/MnSe and CoS not only boosts the electroactivity and electrical conductivity but also enhances the ion transportation rate and structural stability. The as-obtained NiSe/MnSe@CoS electrode achieves an increased specific capacity (884.0C/g/0.62C cm−2 at 1 A/g), improved rate property (74.8 % at 20 A/g), and enhanced cyclic performance (85.4 % over 10,000cycles) when compared to pure NiSe/MnSe and CoS electrodes. Moreover, the constructed hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) delivers a maximal energy density of 65.8 Wh kg−1 under a power density of 1212.3 W kg−1 and outstanding long-cycle durability with 93.3 % capacity retention after 20,000cycles at 20 A/g. This research proposes a simple and sound strategy for realizing breakthroughs of TMSs-based electrode materials for HSC with high energy density and superior cyclic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiFe hydroxides/oxides prepared by an expeditious electrodeposition method demonstrated high water splitting performance as an anode in full water electrolyzer. [Display omitted] • NiFe material was directly deposited on nickel foam by one-step electrodeposition. • Electrodeposition technique is a simple, speedy, and inexpensive synthesis route. • NiFe materials with different electrodeposition times were tested for oxygen evolution reaction study. • Phase variation in NiFe catalyst was unravelled by in situ/operando Raman spectroscopy. • An anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer cell was also constructed and studied for overall water splitting. Designing noble metal-free and high electrocatalytic materials via facile and cost-effective routes has garnered great importance in the production of hydrogen. Herein, we fabricated nickel hydroxide-iron oxide (NiFe) composite material without any surfactants by an expeditious, one-step, and cost-effective electrodeposition technique. For a short deposition time of 150 s, the NiFe material (NiFe-150) was directly synthesized on Ni foam into thin nanosheets. Comprising the structural merits of hierarchical connection, open nanochannels, and superior active area, the NiFe-150 catalyst unveiled excellent catalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the alkaline medium. With the minimal overpotential of 128 mV, the NiFe-150 catalyst showed the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and achieved 400 mA cm−2 for 659 mV. The Tafel slope was also smaller, i.e., 45 mV dec−1, than the other catalysts. Moreover, the NiFe-150 catalyst revealed good catalytic stability for 24 h. To gain a deep insight into the phase change, the in situ/operando Raman analysis of the NiFe-150 catalyst was performed during its real-time OER measurement and confirmed the conversion of the initial phase into metal (oxy)hydroxides. An anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer cell was then constructed with the NiFe-150 and Pt/C catalysts as anode and cathode, respectively. The full cell also exhibited a notable water electrolysis performance by driving a high current density of ∼1100 mA cm−2. This study may shed light on the fabrication of cost-effective and noble-metal-free catalysts by simple, low-cost, and expeditious preparation routes for high-performance water electrolyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ni-MoSe 2 nanocomposite coating was successfully prepared on mild steel specimen using pulse reverse current technique by varying its duty cycle and frequency at the fixed concentration of 2.5 g/ L of MoSe 2 nanoparticles in Watt's nickel plating bath. The surface morphology and crystal orientation of nanocomposite coatings were investigated by FE-SEM and XRD, respectively. The influence of duty cycles on the co-deposition and microhardness of Ni-MoSe 2 nanocomposite coatings have been evaluated. The 60% duty cycle exhibited better crystal orientation with excellent strengthening effect due to the refinement of Ni. The Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance studies were performed for Ni-MoSe 2 nanocomposite coatings in 3.5 wt% of NaCl solution. These results revealed that the incorporation of MoSe 2 in nickel matrix has improved mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. • Ni-MoSe 2 nanocomposite coating was developed by reverse pulse current technique. • Influence of duty cycle was studied under constant current density of 4 A dm−2. • Pyramidal-like microstructure was observed for Ni-MoSe 2 nanocomposite coating. • 60% duty cycle exhibits better crystal orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super high hardness Ni-B-Sc coating was fabricated by electrodeposition for the first time. The effect of Sc on the structure and properties of Ni-based coating was investigated. The results show that the Ni-B-Sc coating exhibits a typical nanocomposite structure, in which the nanocrystalline Ni 2 Sc phase is embedded in the nanocrystalline Ni matrix, where nanocrystalline Ni around nanocrystallites Ni 2 Sc exhibits a fine-grained structure. The nanocomposite structure with nanoscale stiffer phase (Ni 2 Sc) embedded in the nanoscale ductile phase (Ni), significantly improve the hardness of Ni-B-Sc coating to 1484 Hv. The increased grain boundaries, phase boundaries and hard Ni 2 Sc particles cause the obvious increase in hardness as well as wear resistance of the coating. Unlabelled Image • Sc ions was firstly used as additive in the Ni electrodeposition. • The Ni-B-Sc coating exhibits a typical nanocomposite structure. • The Ni-B-Sc coatings exhibit super high hardness and excellent wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, 3D hierarchically porous Co and S co-modificated nickel microsphere arrays developed on nickel foam (NF) substrate (NiCo x S y /NF) are synthesized via a facile template-free electrodeposition protocol in Ethaline-based deep eutectic solvent. The resultant NiCo x S y /NF at optimal incorporating level shows highly efficient electrochemical water splitting performance. The NiCo x S y /NF-based alkaline water electrolyzer requires small cell voltages of 1.57 and 1.63 V to reach 10 and 20 mA cm−2 overall current densities, sequentially, along with robust durability for over 100 h. Density function theory (DFT) study indicates that the synergistic actions induced by the dual-incorporation of Co and S, enabling to optimize the binding energies for water dissociation, hydrogen adsorption/desorption as well as the oxygen-containing intermediates. The NiCo x S y /NF manifests excellent electrocapacitive performance with high capacitance (4964 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2) and well cycling stability (0.4% decay after 5000 cycles) being an electrode material for supercapacitor application. Particularly, an all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor based on NiCo x S y /NF yields high energy density (48.46 Wh kg−1 at 500 W kg−1) with superior cycling durability (6.2% decay after 10,000 cycles). This study contributes a facile path for the synthesis of hierarchically porous materials and highlights the effect of multielement synergistic modulation to boost the electrochemical activity. 3D hierarchically porous Co and S co-modificated nickel microsphere arrays developed on nickel foam (NF) substrate (NiCo x S y /NF) as trifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting electrolysis and all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitors are synthesized via deep eutectic solvent electrodeposition. Unlabelled Image • Co, S co-incorporated nickel microspheres developed on nickel foam (NiCo x S y /NF) are fabricated. • The NiCo x S y /NF acts as high-performance electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. • The effects of Co and S on the enhanced catalytic performance are investigated. • The NiCo x S y /NF shows promise as superior symmetric supercapacitors. • It provides a general way to the synthesis of advanced multielement catalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic performance and NaBH 4 utilization are two crucial concerns in the electrooxidation of NaBH 4. To improve the inherent properties of regular performance and low fuel utilization of the transition metal Co and Ni, an efficient anode catalyst of ultra-thin CoNi nanosheets modified novel 3D self-supported reduced graphene oxide foam is prepared in this work. The alkaline condition borohydride oxidation reaction on the prepared catalyst is investigated in a typical three-electrode system. The prepared catalyst shows a high performance due to the large electrochemical active surface area, low activation energy (8.29 kJ·mol−1), and the small electrochemical impedance it embraced. Linear scan voltammetry recorded in a low concentration of NaBH 4 suggests that borohydride oxidation is a first-order reaction on the prepared catalyst. Based on the unique structure of the catalyst, which is useful to capture the hydrogen and perform further oxidation of hydrogen, higher utilization of NaBH 4 achieved on the catalyst. Besides, the prepared anode catalyst applied to a direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC). The results of polarization curve and power density curves, as well as stability research, all indicate that the as-prepared catalyst is a highly efficient anode material for application in DBHPFC. Unlabelled Image • Novel 3D self-supported rGO foam skeleton was prepared by a simple template method. • The catalytic activity of CoNi-NS/rGO foam is higher than CoNi-NS/Ni foam electrode. • Self-supported rGO foam matrix improved the utilization efficiency of NaBH4. • CoNi-NS/rGO foam anode catalyst exhibited highest power density of 140 mW·cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for preparing superhydrophobic nickel coating by magnetic field induced selective scanning electrodeposition based on additive manufacturing is proposed in this paper in which ferromagnetic nano-nickel particles (Nip) are added to the plating solution and the adsorption regulation of Nip achieve by changing the presence of the magnetic field. Adjusting the magnetic field strength can change the density of the coating micro-nano hierarchical structure, thereby affecting the hydrophobicity. The forming mechanism is mainly divided into four steps: pre-coating, loose adsorption, strong adsorption, and hierarchical structure formation. The surface roughness of the superhydrophobic coating reaches 17.584 μm. The pristine coating spontaneously changed from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic after being exposing to air for 5 days (CA = 155.4°). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that this phenomenon is due to the oxidation of the coating to produce NiO and adsorbing a large amount of hydrocarbons. At the same time, the electrochemical test result shows that the superhydrophobic coating has great corrosion resistance. Unlabelled Image • A superhydrophobic Ni/Nip surface was prepared by magnetic field induced scanning electrodeposition. • Both the hierarchical structure the adsorbed hydrocarbons made contributions. • XPS analyses confirmed presence of airborne hydrocarbons on these metallic surfaces. • The superhydrophobic coating prepared by magnetic field strength of 120mT had the best anti-corrosion performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of nickel incorporation in diamond-like carbon (DLC) matrices has been investigated on the mechanical properties of Ni-DLC thin films by nanoindentation. DLC and Ni-DLC thin films of different nickel content were electrodeposited on ITO coated glass substrates at room temperature and low voltage. Raman spectrum analysis confirms the formation of the sp2 and sp3 phases of carbon in DLC and in some of Ni-DLC thin films. Microstructural studies by SEM reveal a variation in microstructures from finely granular to cluster like features with change in molar concentration of nickel in the electrolyte. GIXRD profiles demonstrate the presence of graphite, diamond and crystalline nickel phases in the thin films. EPMA study indicates the increase in nickel content in carbon matrix of prepared thin films with increase in nickel ions in the electrolyte. Depth controlled mode of nanoindentations was performed on the films to investigate their mechanical properties like hardness, elastic modulus, stiffness and elasto-plastic properties of the thin films. Nickel concentration dependent bilayer nature of heterogeneous growth structure has been revealed through force-distance curves. A hard and strong adhesive layer of DLC is formed immediately above the ITO surface, over which a much softer less adhesive layer is produced. With the increase in nickel content, bottom layer grows in thickness by the expense of the top layer. Hence at very low nickel content, the effect of top soft layer dominates the mechanical properties of the films, while at high nickel content gradually the effect of the soft layer vanishes. With increasing nickel content hardness of the films also shows an increasing trend contrary to the usual behavior of metal incorporated DLC thin films which may be due to multiple counter-interacting processes occurring simultaneously within the carbon matrix inducing changes in phase and hence in sp2/sp3 hybridization ratio. • Nickel content dependent variations in morphology and microstructure of electrodeposited Ni-DLC thin films are observed. • The F-D curves reveal bilayer nature of the electrodeposited thin films. • High nickel content thin films exhibit high hardness, elastic modulus and stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured Bi 2 Te 3 thin films were electrodeposited in the electrolyte of TeO 2 and Bi(NO 3) 3 ·5H 2 O without any additive. Electrochemical tests proved that Bi3+ was reduced to Bi firstly, which induce the reduction of HTeO 2 + to fulfill the co-position. The stoichiometric ratio of Bi 2 Te 3 was controlled by the adjustment of depositing duration under suitable deposition potential. The EIS results illustrated that the rate of stable growth of the films was determined by the applied potential. The nucleation of Bi 2 Te 3 was a progressive process, during which all the nuclei formed uniformly. The subsequent stable growth of the Bi 2 Te 3 thin films was controlled by Nernst diffusion process at a suitable depositing rate. The uniform nucleation and growth caused the ideal (110) texture. The hydrogen evolution reaction and the over growth was avoided, so that the compact rice-like nanostructure could be obtained. The Bi 2 Te 3 thin films were controlled to a state of stoichiometry composition, single phase structure, compact rice-like nano-morphology and (110) texture. Their electrical conductivity reached as high as 1.240 × 105 S·m−1, which caused the maximum PF of 5.234 × 10−4 W·m−1·K2. This facile synthetic approach is promising for the preparation of nanostructured Bi 2 Te 3 thin films as the thermoelectric materials. Display Omitted • Bi 2 Te 3 thermoelectric films were electrodeposited without additive. • The electrodeposition mechanism of Bi 2 Te 3 film was revealed to guide the deposition. • The composition and ideal nanostructure of the film were successfully controlled. • The film with ideal composition, morphology and texture reached largest known PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, electrodeposition was employed to deposit a series of thin films, including SnS, SnSe, SnS/SnSe, and SnSe/SnS, onto ITO conductive glass, which were then characterized by XRD, EDS, XPS, SEM, and UV–Vis absorption spectrophotometry. The XRD and SEM results verified the successful preparation of these films, while the EDS and XPS results suggested that the atomic ratio approached 1 for the SnS and SnSe films. According to the UV–Vis absorption spectra, the optical absorption properties were greatly improved for the SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS bilayer films compared with those of the monolayer films. For SnS and SnSe, direct band gaps of 1.82 and 1.29 eV and indirect band gaps of 1.03 and 0.89 eV, respectively, were separately obtained from the calculations. The photoelectrochemical properties of the as-fabricated films were further investigated under simulated sunlight, and excellent photoresponses and photostabilities were exhibited by all the samples. The photocurrent densities of SnS, SnSe, SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS films were 22, 19, 26, and 20 μA/cm2, respectively. • Two kinds film of SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS bilayer structure were all prepared by using electrodeposition method. • SnS/SnSe and SnSe/SnS bilayer film had excellent absorption properties in visible light region. • Photoelectrochemical properties, photoresponse and photostability performance of as-fabricated films were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic surface has aroused wide concern over the years due to its extensive application prospect. However, a simple, cost-effective and environmental friendly preparation method is still lacking. Here, we present an effective approach to prepare a superhydrophobic surface for long-term metal corrosion protection. Positively charged SiO 2 composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a simple and multiple ultrafiltration method firstly, after that the particles were sol-gel electrodeposited on steel to build micro-nano roughness surface, and then the surface was modified by cost-effective and fluorine-free chemical stearic acid with low energy surface. The results of wettability experiment show a strong repulsive force between the modified surfaces and water droplets, with static contact angles over 158°. The corrosion resistance and corrosion current density of the Al 2 O 3 @KH560@SiO 2 composite film assessed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the polarization and neutral salt spray test indicate that the corrosion rate of the metal is reduced and the corrosion performance of the matrix is improved at the same time. Unlabelled Image • A fluorine-free and environment-friendly superhydrophobic surface was prepared. • The preparation method is simple in operation and suitable for all kinds of conductive substrates. • The resistance and anti-corrosion property of metals have been improved greatly by superhydrophobic surface. • The superhydrophobic film has long-term protection to the metal substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A core-shell catalyst supported on the carbon fiber paper was developed for the effective electrocatalytic reduction of concentrated nitric acid (4.0 M). The potential range of cyclic voltammetry deposition was adjusted to investigate the influence of the chemical state of electrodeposited Ir on concentrated nitric acid reduction. The results indicate that a core of Pt with a thin IrO 2 shell shows greatly enhanced catalytic activity comparing to the nano-Pt. A Pt@IrO 2 core-shell catalyst was synthesized by a two-step cyclic voltammetry. It shows a high reactivity toward electrocatalytic reduction of concentrated nitric acid (4.0 M). Unlabelled Image • The Pt core with Ir shell catalyst was designed for the effective nitric acid reduction. • The chemical state of Ir shell plays an important role in the reduction process. • The Pt@IrO 2 /CFP electrode shows a higher current density than that of Pt@Ir/CFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Seeking cost-effective and highly active non-precious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is still strongly desired in water splitting. In this work, a low-cost and highly efficient HER electrocatalysts of amorphous Ni–S–B coating on nickel mesh is successfully synthesized by means of a simple current-density electrodeposition. The obtained Ni–S–B coating shows superior HER electrocatalytic activity as evidenced by low onset overpotential of 27 mV and 240 mV to drive 10 mA·cm−2 under alkaline conditions. Such high hydrogen evolution activity for Ni–S–B coating can be mainly attributed to the larger surface area (more exposed active sites), faster electron transport between electrode-catalyst-electrolyte interfaces, and nickel mesh substrate. Therefore, Ni–S–B coating can be applied as an efficient HER electrocatalyst to use in alkaline water electrolyzers. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The Ni–S–B coating is fabricated via electrodeposition method. • The coating shows a higher HER activity and electrochemical stability. • Unique properties owe to high surface area and the electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The microstructure of copper oxide layer on zinc oxide is optimized via a two-step electrodeposition method to create potential composite electrodes for photoelectrochemical cells. By optimizing the deposition temperature, the microstructure and photocatalytic properties can be fundamentally modified. The strategy includes the potentiostatic deposition of zinc oxide layer in the initial step following galvanostatic deposition of copper oxide at selected bath temperature, including 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C. In all cases, the copper oxide layer deposited at 40 °C significantly improves the photoanodic current density. Also, the microstructure and optoelectrical properties of the composite films are characterized by electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky, and solar simulation measurements. It is found that variation in copper oxide deposition temperature affects the electron-hole recombination process and photocatalytic performance. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The ZnO/Cu 2 O composite films were fabricated by electrodeposition method. • The composite films significantly improved the photocatalytic H 2 evolution. • The temperature variation affected the microstructure of the Cu 2 O layer. • The Cu 2 O deposition impeded the hole-electron recombination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Transition metal-based layered double hydroxides have been reported as cost-effective and efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their layered structure and unique redox properties. Moreover, the electrochemical performance can be greatly enhanced by rational design of nanostructures. Herein, the hierarchical Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 core-shell nanosheets on flexible carbon cloth (CC) were designed and prepared as advanced OER catalysts. Compared with the commercial RuO 2 , the Co(OH) 2 /CC and the Ni(OH) 2 /CC, the Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 /CC hybrid electrode exhibits outstanding OER electrocatalytic activity with only ~330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 /CC catalyst shows long-term durability without obvious degradation over 10 h. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 /CC could be attributed to the unique 3D hierarchical core-shell structure and the synergistic effect between Co(OH) 2 and Ni(OH) 2. Our work offers an effective strategy to prepare advanced electrode materials for OER electrocatalysts. Graphical abstract We report the preparation of hierarchical Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 core-shell nanosheets on flexible carbon cloth as an advanced OER catalyst. The as-designed electrode exhibits outstanding OER electrocatalytic activity with ~330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and shows long-term durability without obvious degradation over 10 h. Unlabelled Image Highlights • Hierarchical Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 core-shell nanosheets on CC were successfully prepared. • The Co(OH) 2 @Ni(OH) 2 /CC electrode shows the outstanding OER performance. • The hierarchical core-shell structure plays a vital role in improving the catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The electrocatalyst with low cost and excellent catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is indispensable in large-scale water electrolysis for hydrogen generation. Herein, we report an inexpensive and highly efficient OER catalyst, amorphous Ni-Fe-P holey nanospheres, which were in situ grown on 3D porous Ni foam by one-step electrodeposition. The as-prepared Ni-Fe-P/NF shows attractive catalytic performance in alkaline medium with a low overpotential of 156 mV at a 10 mA cm−2 current density, a Tafel slope of 69 mV dec−1, and the long-term (>36 h) durability, which is superior to other well-performed metal-phosphide catalysts reported and the commercial catalyst IrO 2. Such remarkable OER catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergism of Ni and Fe elements, the amorphous holey structure, the surface superaerophobicity and self-supportive configuration of the as-prepared Ni Fe bimetal phosphide. Highlights • Amorphous Ni-Fe-P holey nanospheres were fabricated by one-step electrodeposition. • The as-prepared Ni-Fe-P is highly efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. • Ni-Fe-P shows superior activity and durability to the commercial catalyst IrO 2. • The element synergism and amorphous holey structure are two main factors towards the attractive catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nanostructured MnO 2 thin films were synthesized via an electrodeposition method assisted by ultrasonic treatment. Applying the ultrasonic treatment during or after electrodeposition, the films develop a variation of microstructures of distinct properties and characteristics. As a result, the MnO 2 films show improved specific capacitances and cycling performance. The MnO 2 film produced by electrodeposition followed by ultrasonic treatment exhibits a microstructure of free-standing nanowires with diameters less than 10 nm and the highest specific capacitance of 369 F g−1 in this investigation, which is fairly stable after successive cycles up to 1000 cycles. The enhanced capacitance performance of the MnO 2 films suggests a great potential of the electrodeposition assisted by ultrasonic treatment for supercapacitor manufacturing. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • MnO 2 nanowires can be transformed from nanosheets by ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition. • The specific capacitance and cycling performance of MnO 2 can be effectively improved by ultrasonic treatment. • The ultrasonically treated MnO 2 films exhibit higher specific capacitance as well as cycling performance. • The enhanced performance is attributed to higher structural stability and optimized nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, hydrophobic and corrosion behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced Ni-5 g/l MoSe 2 composite coatings on Ni substrate, synthesized by versatile single pot electro-codeposition process from a solution containing 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/l of CNT, were compared with pure Ni coating as well as Ni-5 g/l MoSe 2 coating without CNT. All the composite coatings showed excellent hydrophobicity as compared to the pure Ni coating due to the rough surface along with codeposition of low surface energy materials, such as MoSe 2 and MWCNT, in the coating matrix. All the coatings showed improved anti-corrosion behavior as compared to the Ni substrate, and the coating with MoSe 2 and MWCNT further improved the corrosion resistance. Maximum corrosion resistance of the 0.1 g/l MWCNT reinforced Ni-5 g/l MoSe 2 coating among all the coatings could be attributed to the preferred atomically dense (111) plane, lowest lattice strain value, super-hydrophobic surface and higher amount of MWCNT codeposition. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Codeposition of MoSe 2 and MWCNT facilitates compactness of the coating. • Excellent hydrophobicity for the Ni-MoSe 2 -MWCNTcoatings is observed. • Electrochemical activity influenced by crystal planes, strain, and hydrophobicity. • 0.1 g/l MWCNT added Ni-5 g/l MoSe 2 coating shows best corrosion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Nanoporous gold was prepared from Au-based metallic glass by chemical de-alloying. • Pt nanoparticles were electrodeposited through CV cycles on nanoporous gold. • The Pt nanoparticles/NPG electrodes are active for the electro-oxidation of methanol. NPG with 30 cycles Pt deposition exhibits higher activity and longer durability. Abstract In this work, Pt nanoparticles were electrodeposited through cyclic voltammetry technique on three dimensional nanoporous gold prepared from Au-based metallic glass precursor by chemical de-alloying. The electro-catalytic properties of the as-prepared samples were tested through potential cycling towards methanol oxidation in alkaline solution. Current density plots vs scan numbers indicate that the electrodes are active for the electro-oxidation of methanol and the Pt nanoparticles electrodeposited on gold ligaments contribute to increasing catalytic properties. In particular, results indicate that nanoporous gold with 30 cycles of Pt electrodeposition exhibits competitive higher activity and longer durability towards methanol electro-oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • To have a possible noble coatings that showed good adhesion, gloss finishing. • A novel surface methodology used as optimization tools for enhancing Co-W-P alloy of electroplating. • To increase the addition of tungsten corrosion resistance of Co-W-P the content, which affect the degree of crystalline. • Corrosion resistance increase due to the formation of the dense tungsten oxide film on the surface of Co-W-P. Abstract The interest in the electrodeposition of tungsten-rich binary and ternary alloys has increased in recent years due to their unique combination of electrical, tribological, electro-erosion and magnetic properties. A novel ternary alloy of Cobalt-Tungsten-Phosphorus (Co-W-P) for electroplating and operational parameters were proposed and optimised to give the best corrosion resistance. The development of a stable bath with relatively low pH levels and the use of complexing agents to stabilise it is critical to obtaining good quality films to increase its lifetime. The surface methodology and response were used as optimisation tools. The baths used for achieving this league without complexing agents were unstable. Analysis of the microstructure of the composite particle evaluates the 3D surface luminance structure and the profile structure of the electrodepositions of corrosion resistant of Co-W-P Alloy. Transverse-sectional views of the specimens were extracted and analysed, and the surface roughness, waviness profile, and Gaussian filter of the structures Co-W-P alloy were observed. Good quality Co-W-P alloy films were obtained using an electrochemical bath with the complexing agent. The coatings showed good adhesion on gloss. The characterisation of alloy morphology was performed using spectrometer fluorescence, Power Spectrum Density (PSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The excellent operating conditions for obtaining this film were a current density of 6 mA/cm2 and pH 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Electrodeposition of binary semiconductor compound PbSe and Pb and Se films from choline chloride based ionic liquids. • SEM images have shown adherent and grey deposits with uniform morphology and cubic PbSe crystals. • The stoichiometry of film indicated by EDX elemental analysis was Pb 1.1 Se. Abstract The paper presents some experimental results regarding the electrodeposition of PbSe thin films at 70 °C from two choline chloride (ChCl) based ionic liquids containing PbCl 2 and SeO 2 as precursors in choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ILEG) and choline chloride-urea (IL) eutectic mixtures. In this article we will detail our investigation of cathodic processes involved during the electrodeposition of binary semiconductor compound, PbSe as well as of singular Pb and Se elements. The cathodic branches of the recorded cyclic voltammograms in the cases of ionic liquids containing both Pb2+ + Se4+ show successively the Se underpotential deposition, Se bulk deposition and Pb deposition followed by a formation of PbSe semiconductor compound. However, at the most negative potentials the Se content of final layers decreases by a partial electrochemical dissolution of Se which reduces to Se2− soluble species. PbSe thin films have been electrodeposited on copper or nickel substrates under potentiostatic control at 70 °C for 0.5–4 h. The adherent and uniform deposits were characterized by SEM-EDX and XRD techniques. SEM images have shown adherent and grey deposits with uniform morphology and cubic PbSe crystals. A stoichiometry of around Pb 1.1 Se was indicated by EDX elemental analysis. XRD confirmed the formation of PbSe compound, showing a nanocrystalline structure, with crystallites average sizes in the range of 10–35 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ti 3 C 2 T x was stably doped in PPy coating as a conductive additive. • Composite coating of novel 3D closed vesicle structure yielded robust barrier effect. • Ti 3 C 2 T x endowed composite coating with enduring electroactivity and strong adhesion on copper. • Composite coating offered long-term protection for electronic devices. A closed 3D vesicle polypyrrole-based composite coating (PPy-STi) was electropolymerized on copper with the support of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-stabilized Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene via an inverted-electrode cyclic voltammetry route. Due to the promoted polymer nucleation effect of SDS and active catalysis of hydrogen evolution by well-dispersed Ti 3 C 2 T x , a unique vesicle-like architecture of PPy-STi were formed with twisted diffusion pathways, which endowed a strong barrier against aggressive species. Meanwhile the stabilized Ti 3 C 2 T x with high metallic conductivity facilitated the overall electroactivity of PPy-STi coating, yielding much improved anodic protection for copper in artificial seawater (ASW). Relying on the tolerant physical barrier and robust anodic protection capacity of PPy-STi, the coated copper could sustain its passivated state during 10 days of immersion in ASW. The integration of MXenes in conductive polymer coating with enhanced protection characteristics may provide a new strategy to improve the corrosion resistance of electronic devices in the harsh environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract A schematic illustration of the formation of spherical and hexagonally arranged rod-like micelles at different concentrations of CTAB. Highlights • Electrodeposition of mesoporous films from micellar CTAB cationic surfactant. • Meso-porous structures from disordered to hexagonally ordered pores. • Significant effect of CTAB concentration and deposition current density. • First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams reveal structure-magnetic properties relationship. Abstract Mesoporous magnetic materials have found interesting potential applications in electrochemical energy harvesting and energy-efficient magnetic actuation device applications. Here we report on the electrodeposition and magnetic properties of mesoporous nickel films from lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) templates formed by cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant. Diffusion-controlled electrodeposition mechanism of nickel is determined. Films are electrodeposited under a constant current ranging from 1 to 7.5 mA cm−2 from an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M nickel sulphate, 0.2 M boric acid solution and CTAB with a concentration ranging from 0 to 50 wt.%. Mesopores develop an arranged hexagonal structure due to the micellar positional and orientational order reaching its highest value at 30 wt.% of CTAB at 2 mA cm−2. This is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrocatalytic surface area measurement. Electrodeposition current density and pH modify the mesoporous dimensions and therefore the magnetic properties change, tough hydrogen evolution as a side reaction influences the mesoporous structure. We observe an increased in-plane magnetic coercivity value to a maximum of 214 Oe for the mesoporous nickel film, which correlates with the increased interaction field. The widening of the coercivity distribution in first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams indicates that films with higher CTAB content have more inhomogeneous structure, which can lead to complex magnetization reversal mechanisms. The results of this study will help to exploit novel multifunctional magnetic and electrochemical energy materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Ultrathin nanoporous CuCo 2 O 4 nanosheets electrode synthesized by electrodeposition. • High specific capacitance and good cycling stability were obtained. • Highly efficient OER electrocatalyst with an overpotential of 260 mV at 20 mA/cm2. • Excellent long-term electrochemical durability. Abstract Efficient and low‐cost multifunctional electrodes play a key role in improving the performance of energy conversion and storage devices. In this study, ultrathin nanoporous CuCo 2 O 4 nanosheets are synthesized on a nickel foam substrate using electrodeposition followed by air annealing. The CuCo 2 O 4 nanosheet electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1473 F g─1 at 1 A g─1 with a capacity retention of ∼93% after 5000 cycles in 3 M KOH solution. It also works well as an efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst, demonstrating an overpotential of 260 mV at 20 mA cm─2 with a Tafel slope of ∼64 mV dec─1. in 1 M KOH solution, which is the lowest reported among other copper-cobalt based transition metal oxide catalysts. The catalyst is very stable at >20 mA cm─2 for more than 25 h. The superior electrochemical performance of the CuCo 2 O 4 nanosheet electrode is due to the synergetic effect of the direct growth of 2D nanosheet structure and a large electrochemically active surface area associated with nanopores on the CuCo 2 O 4 nanosheet surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Cobalt hydroxide nanosheets/ruthenium oxide nanocomposite was synthesized via a simple electrodeposition process. • Microstructure of the composites was optimized through adjusting deposition time of RuO 2 nanoparticles. • The composite with open 3D net structure displays excellent super-capacitive properties. Abstract Cobalt hydroxide nanosheets/ruthenium oxide (Co(OH) 2 /RuO 2) nanocomposite on nickel foam was successfully synthesized via a simple electrodeposition process as an advanced supercapacitor electrode material. The microscopy studies reveal that RuO 2 nanoparticles are loaded uniformly on interconnected Co(OH) 2 nanosheets forming a three-dimensional (3D) network. The performance optimization of composite is come true through adjusting deposition time of RuO 2 nanoparticles. The electrochemical tests indicate that the optimized Co(OH) 2 /RuO 2 nanocomposite displays excellent super-capacitive properties. The specific capacitance is up to 2168 F g−1 as the current density is 1 A g−1. Compared with the pure Co(OH) 2 and RuO 2 , the capacitance of the Co(OH) 2 /RuO 2 composite increases by 57% and 80%, respectively. The capacitance maintains at 86.0% after 5000 charging and discharging loops at the constant current density of 5 A g−1, while the pure Co(OH) 2 only maintains 71.7% of the original capacitance after 5000 loops. The asymmetric capacitor assembled using Co(OH) 2 /RuO 2 nanocomposite as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode exhibits a high energy density of 58.4 W h kg−1 at a power density of 1.2 kW kg−1. The good pseudocapacitance behavior of the Co(OH) 2 /RuO 2 composite is mainly in virtue of the good synergies between Co(OH) 2 and RuO 2 insuring large surface area, rich electrochemical reactive sites, the short diffusion pathways of ions and good electroconductivity during the charge-discharge process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Mo atoms and Al 2 O 3 particles were simultaneously incorporated into Ni coatings. • Mo atoms were dissolved in the Ni structure, forming a Ni-Mo solid solution. • The alumina particles were homogeneously distributed in the coatings. • The properties of deposited coatings were deteriorated at high current densities. • The optimum current density was determined to be 4 A/dm2. Abstract In this study, the effect of deposition current density on the characteristics of nickel-molybdenum/alumina coatings processed by an electrodeposition method was investigated. Morphological, elemental and phase evaluations were conducted on the deposited coatings by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Furthermore, the hardness, wear and corrosion behaviors of the prepared coatings were measured. The results showed that the coatings prepared at high current densities, typically at 8 A/dm2, exhibit a porous and rough morphology. Also, the contents of molybdenum and alumina deposited at high current densities are reduced, thus increasing the crystallite size and deteriorating the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this regard, the optimum current density to meet the most desirable properties was found to be 4 A/dm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Development of graded band-gap CIS solar cells with efficiency of 7.20 %. • Multilayer CIS thin films exhibits optimum band-gap ∼0.99 eV. • Stoichiometric CIS multilayer films with well-defined morphology obtained. • The proposed multilayer structure is applicable to other chalcopyrite materials. Abstract A graded band-gap CuInSe 2 (CIS) thin film solar cell (TFSC) having glass/FTO/CdS/CIS multilayer/Au structure has been fabricated. A simple and low-cost electrodeposition technique is used to deposit the multilayers of CIS onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate. A conventional three-electrode geometry consisting, FTO, graphite and Ag/AgCl as a working, counter and reference electrodes, respectively was used for electrodeposition. Structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, which revealed the chalcopyrite tetragonal CIS structure with a quite Cu-rich surface which reduces upon selenization. The morphology of the as grown and selenized CIS multilayer thin films was studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) which shows the compact and uniform layer formation. The depth profile distribution of individual elements in both as-grown and selenized CIS multilayer thin films has been determined using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). SIMS results revealed that the proposed graded band gap structure is retained even after selenization. The presence of Cu+, In3+ and Se2− oxidation states were confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A single layer and multilayer CIS solar cell devices yielded ∼5.10% and ∼7.20% power conversion efficiency, respectively. In the present work, pH 3 buffer solution helps to improve the morphology of CIS layer which gives the better power conversion efficiency as compared to the previously reported value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Electrodeposition of WO 3 on Ti substrate increased substantially the photoactivity. • Due to the autoxidation, the Ti substrate exerted a significant influence over the photoactivity. • Lower amounts of electrodeposited W operate as electron scavengers, leading to high photocurrent values. • Larger amounts of W generated centers of charge recombination, resulting in a substantial decrease in photocurrent values. Abstract Ti/TiO 2 -WO 3 photoanode composites were successfully synthesized through a simple electrochemical deposition of WO 3 films on Ti substrate. The electrochemical deposition was evaluated in the following periods: 2.5; 5; 10; 20; 30; 45 and 60 min, and led to the generation of the electrodes denoted E2.5; E5; E10; E20; E30; E45 and E60, respectively. The performance of the electrodes was assessed by monitoring the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 50 mg L−1 of propyl paraben under UV–Vis light irradiation. Due to its autoxidation, the Ti substrate was found to exert a significant influence over the photoactivity, yielding a thin and photoactive interfacial layer of titanium oxide after heat treatment at 450 °C. More importantly, the photoactivity of the electrodes was strictly dependent on the content of WO 3 as well as on its interaction with titanium oxide. In a good synergy of WO 3 -TiO 2 semiconductors, lower amounts of electrodeposited W (<0.8%), as in the case of E2.5 and E5 electrodes, operate as electron scavengers, leading to high photocurrent values. Conversely, larger amounts of W generate centers of charge recombination, resulting in a substantial decrease in photocurrent values. The photoelectrocatalytic application of the best electrode (E2.5) resulted in a complete removal and mineralization of propyl paraben in only 3 h of experiment under optimized conditions (pH 2 and E = +0.5 V). This study is regarded an important step toward the development of photoanodes involving relatively fewer stages. Remarkably, apart from enabling the generation of TiO 2 in situ, the method favors the synergy of the semiconductors as it helps to determine the ideal amount of WO 3 deposited on the surface of the electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Amorphous Mo-doped WO 3 films have been synthesized by an electrodeposition method. • The 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 films exhibit large optical modulation and high areal capacitance. • The energy level of the Mo-doped WO 3 films can be visually monitored by the color. • Bifunctional device on various substrates have been fabricated by using the Mo-doped WO 3 film. Abstract Amorphous Mo-doped WO 3 films are successfully synthesized via an electrodeposition method. In comparison with the reported time-consuming and costly techniques involving heating or vacuuming steps, the proposed electrodeposition method achieves the preparation of Mo-doped WO 3 in a simple and economic all-solution route. By optimizing the dopant concentration of Mo, the as-prepared 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 film exhibits excellent electrochromic and energy-storage properties with large optical modulation of 83.3% at 633 nm and high pseudocapacitance of 117.1 mF cm−2 (334.6 mF g−1), greatly superior to those of pure WO 3 films. These great electrochemical properties could be attributed to the amorphous state and the proper structure distortion caused by doped atoms. Furthermore, bifunctional devices on various substrates contained the 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 films are demonstrated with satisfactory electrochromic and energy-storage properties as well, indicating the practical applications of the Mo-doped WO 3 films in both energy-saving and energy-storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun sub-micrometer polymer fiber mats represent an interesting substrate which can be employed as a transparent conducting electrode. Functionalization by using nanostructures represents a convenient way of increasing the range of applications. The present paper describes an electrodeposition process which can be applied for preparing ZnO nanostructures covered fibers in a straightforward manner. Poly(methyl methacrylate) fiber mats were obtained by electrospinning using metal frame collectors. Subsequent metallization by DC sputtering was used, these microstructured electrodes being thermally transferred onto glass substrates and further employed as working electrodes for the electrochemical deposition of ZnO. The transparency of the metal covered webs, a function of fiber density, is comparable to that of conventional transparent conductive oxides electrodes such as ITO. The same enhanced control of the ZnO electrodeposition process was observed for the case of the web electrodes as for the classic case of deposition on transparent conducting oxides or on metallic substrates. Structural, optical, morphological and wetting properties were investigated and correlated with the electrodeposition conditions. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO covered fibers were tested through the decomposition of methylene blue thin films under UV irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel Ni–B/Ni–W–BN duplex nanocomposite coating was successfully developed by co-electrodeposition. Their microstructural, surface and electrochemical properties were evaluated and compared to that of monolayer Ni–B, Ni–W, and Ni–W–BN coating by SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD and XPS. The electrochemical behaviors of the coatings were investigated by EIS in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The effects of graphite-like BN nanoparticles on the properties of the duplex coating were discussed. The mechanism of electrochemical co-deposition was proposed. Results show that all the coatings are uniform, compact and crack-free. The crystal size of the Ni-B/Ni-W-BN duplex composite coating is smaller compared to monolayer Ni–W–BN coating. The inclusion of BN nanoparticles in Ni-W matrix affect the content of nickel and tungsten of the deposits, increase the hardness and reduce the wear weight loss of the duplex composite coating. As a newly deposited layer with more active sites, the underlayer Ni–B much affects the morphologies of the top layer Ni–W–BN of the duplex coating. The incorporation of graphite-like BN nanoparticles into spherical-like Ni–W matrix increased the surface roughness and decreased the porosity. The Ni–B/Ni–W–BN duplex composite coating exhibited higher corrosion resistance than Ni–W and Ni–W–BN coating. The corrosion resistance was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of BN. The optimum corrosion resistance could be obtained at 5 g L −1 BN nanoparticles in bath. However, a higher concentration of BN nanoparticles is detrimental to the properties of the duplex coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline electrodeposits embedded with inert hard nanoparticles are applied to coating on engineering materials for high hardness and thermal stability. They have mainly been synthesized from a solution containing a suspension of particles in electrodeposition. In this conventional synthesis, finer particles tend to agglomerate in the electrolyte and are embedded inhomogeneously in the electrodeposits. This work provides a different approach to synthesizing nanocrystalline metal electrodeposits embedded with inert metal oxide particles that are formed through inverse hydrolysis in an electrolyte before embedding in the electrodeposits. In principle, this approach would allow the embedding of particles ranging, in size, from the molecular to the micron scale through control of the pH and the duration of stand-by reaction prior to electrodeposition. Effect of this approach on the hardness and thermal stability of Ni electrodeposits was validated, and agree semi-quantitatively with theoretical values predicted by Orowan strengthening and Zener pinning, both of which assume that dispersed particles are smaller than the matrix grain size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the influence of nanoscale Y 2 O 3 particles on structural, morphological, mechanical and the elemental composition of Ni-P coatings have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrodeposition process was implemented to develop a new Ni-P-Y 2 O 3 nanocomposite coatings using different concentrations of Y 2 O 3 of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g/L. The surface analysis exhibits the formation of intact, homogenous and dense coatings of the nodular structure without observable surface defects such as pores and cracks. The mechanical properties were improved by the incorporation of hard Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The corrosion protection of the as-prepared Ni-P coatings before and after addition of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles was evaluated using different electrochemical techniques in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The results revealed that Ni-P-1.00 g/L Y 2 O 3 metallic coating posses the highest corrosion protection efficiency (PE), of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel super-hydrophobic aniline trimer-containing siliceous coatings were carefully acquired through electrodeposition in a mixed solution of tetraethoxysilane and triethoxysilylpropyl isocyanate modified aniline trimer (M-AT). Chemical constitution, morphology, hydrophobicity and anticorrosion ability of as-prepared hybrid coatings were investigated by corresponding equipment. Compared to pure silica coating, the AT-containing silica coatings presented excellent super-hydrophobicity and enhanced anticorrosion performance. The impedance was the highest and the corrosion current density was the lowest for modified silica coating with proper M-AT (5 wt%). The super-hydrophobic of AT-containing silica coating was conductive to avoid the direct contact between corrosion medium and metal substrate. The peculiar oxidation-reduction feature of AT was help to promote the generation of passivation films (ferric oxide and ferroferric oxide). The combined action of above-mentioned two functions facilitated the perfection of corrosion performance for AT-containing silica coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]