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India is a multilingual country. Hindi is the national language of India and Devanãgri script is used to write Hindi language. Various documents with legal value are made in Devanãgri script, which may be questioned for their authenticity and authorship. Sufficient research has been done and reported about different scripts. However, researches based on Devanãgri script are limited. This study focuses on finding the significant class characteristics of writers from three different states of India, namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The data was also statistically analysed using Pearson’s Chi-Square test for its significance. Handwriting samples from 300 subjects were collected from three different states of India to analyze various class characteristics in Devanãgri script. The samples were examined qualitatively and statistically. Various general characteristics were selected for the analysis and characteristic features were tabulated after qualitative examination. Statistical analysis showed that the data was statistically significant. The general characteristics selected for the analysis and comparison of the handwriting samples in Devanãgri script were found to be significant. The impact of regional scripts on the Devanãgri script should be performed, as the influence of regional language could be seen in the samples collected from Punjab.

On the basis of the type of ink, pen inks are classified as ballpoint pens or non-ballpoint pens. Ballpoint pen inks are oil-based inks (ballpoint pens). While non-ballpoint pen inks are water-based inks (gel pens, fountain pens, pilot pens, fiber tip pens, etc.). Different approaches related to the determination of the age of ink were proposed in the literature, including ballpoint pen inks, non-ballpoint pen inks and stamp pad inks. This study provides a comprehensive appreciation of analytical research studies that were published from the year 2000 to year 2020 on the determination of the age of inks. Owing To contemporary technological advancements, the process has been developed in many folds. However, its reliability is questioned due to the variability in methods and results. Research works related to the aging of ink have been compiled to assist the researchers and the forensic document examiners and to provide an overall insight regarding the works done so far. In an attempt to unravel this issue of questioned document examination, a critical and systematic review of the literature is proposed to encourage the usage of various tools and techniques necessary to establish the age of ink in different case works.