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Liquid chromatographic separation technique coupled with fluorescence detector (LC-FLD) has been one of the primary sensitive and selective analytical techniques in various science areas including environmental, food, biological, biomedicine etc. Its significance relies on several analytical advantages including cost-effectiveness, enhanced sensitivity, and selectivity performance. However, the desired applications of this technique and detection limits are not always possible without target analytes derivatization. When analytes manipulation is carried out by mere light, the mechanism is called photoderivatization or photochemical reaction. This addition of photochemical reactor has significantly enhanced the LC-FLD capability for selective, sensitive, and reproducible determination of variety of analytes such as pesticides, pharmaceutical drugs, flavonoids, vitamins etc. as compared to chemical pre/post-column derivatization. Herein, we have comprehensively and systematically summarized the development, instrumentation and applications of liquid chromatography-photoinduced fluorescence technique (LC-hv-FLD) to analyze a large number of analytes-residues in various matrices published between the years i.e., 2000 to 2022 along with some outstanding and important contributions before this time span. Moreover, the essential characteristic, advantages/disadvantages, challenges, and future prospects have also been highlighted. We expect this manuscript to be a useful key reference for the future development in fluorescence based chromatographic analysis and inspire new ideas and discoveries in the direction of reagent-less and online derivatization of intrinsically non-fluorescent analytes.

Ion chromatography (IC) is a well-known technique for trace determination of inorganic ions and small organic acids. Recently, it has also appeared as a promising alternative to reverse phase chromatography for the determination of polar pesticides and pharmaceutical drugs in various sample matrices. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of IC coupled to fluorescence (FLD) or UV detector for the determination of pesticides and pharmaceutical drugs in samples from all walks of life. Apart from advantages and limitations, a short comparison of IC-FLD/UV with other techniques especially reverse-phase chromatography was drawn to envision future research efforts in this direction. Finally, several related areas such as IC hyphenation with different detectors (spectroscopic and spectrometer), miniaturization, automation, green chemistry, mobile phase, column, sample preparation, etc., were discussed to highlight its application for the determination of a wide range of analytes in the complex sample matrix.