Search

Crushed stone is the most important raw material for concrete and asphalt production. As a high-volume low-unit-value industry, the crushed stone production sector is highly competitive which implies the necessity to optimise the costs of all of its production operations, i.e. drilling and blasting, secondary breaking, loading, hauling and crushing. In this context, this paper investigates the effect of bench blasting design parameters on the unit-costs and total production cost of aggregate production. For this purpose, 40 blasts were conducted and investigated. The studied parameters included different blasthole length (12 m, 15 m, 18 m, 21.5 m and 25 m) and diameter (89 mm and 102 mm), in addition to different spacing, burden and stemming length. As a result, it was found that an increase in blasthole length led to an increase in the unit cost of drilling operation. In addition, it was found that a blasthole length of 15 m ensured optimum fragmentation, diminishing the costs of subsequent operations. Incrementing the blasthole diameter from 89 to 102 mm reduced the total unit cost by 0.091 $/m3. Incrementing the burden and spacing by 0.25 m also decreased the total unit cost by 0.097 $/m3. However, accreting the stemming length by 0.5 m induced a slight decrease in the total unit cost by 0.026 $/m3.

Plaster materials are commonly used on the interiors and exteriors of buildings. Such materials protect against impacts, atmospheric degradation, and physical and mechanical effects. Additionally, plaster materials must provide thermal insulation. In this study, rock samples (three types of ignimbrite) produced by Erciyes Mountain volcanic activity were selected as materials. These selected materials have differences in terms of engineering features. Petrographic properties of the samples were determined employing polarization microscopy. Plaster materials were separately prepared from each sample with the determined engineering features. The plaster materials were separately applied to block surfaces. The blocks were then subjected to heat transmission tests. Additionally, a non-plaster material was tested for comparison. The data obtained in these tests revealed important findings relating to energy savings, and it was found that new materials obtained from wastes of ignimbrites and idle resources formed by Erciyes Mountain (Kayseri, Turkey) volcanic activity can be used as alternative materials.