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Introduction: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) teams address unmet needs and improve the quality of life of patients with life-limiting conditions across pediatric subspecialties. However, little is known about the timing, reasons, and nature of PPC team interventions in advanced heart diseases (AHD)., Objectives: Here we describe how, when, and why PPC teams interact with referred teams of children suffering from AHD., Methods: We conducted a retrospective nationwide survey among PPC teams in France. All patients referred to participating PPC teams for a cardiologic disease in 2019 were studied., Results: Among six PPC teams, 18 patients with AHD had a PPC consultation in 2019. Six of these patients had cardiomyopathy and 12 had congenital heart disease (CHD). The median age at referral was 0.9 months for CHD and 72 months for cardiomyopathy. An antenatal diagnosis had been made for six families with CHD, and two of them were referred to PPC before birth allowing for a prenatal palliative care plan. The main reason for referral was ethical considerations (50%) followed by organization for home-based palliative care (28%). PPC teams participated in ethical discussions when asked to but also provided family support (12/18), home-based PPC (9/18), coordination of care (5/18), support of the referred team (4/18), and symptoms management (3/18) CONCLUSION: The main reason for referral to PPC was ethical considerations, but PPC interventions followed a holistic model of care. Prospective outcomes measurement and partnerships should be further developed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2021 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The 2005 enactment of the "Patients' rights and end-of-life care" act, known as the Leonetti law, has been accompanied by practical changes in the processes of withdrawal and withholding of active life-sustaining treatments. This law has also promoted the implementation of palliative care in perinatal medicine to avoid unreasonable therapeutic interventions and to preserve the dying patient's quality of life and human dignity. Recently, a new law has been voted by the French National Assembly and new reflections on the ethical aspects of the end of life in neonatal medicine should resume again within the French Society of Neonatology in the working group on ethical issues in neonatology. This is why it appears important to discuss the perceived benefits and the persistent difficulties related to the implementation of the Leonetti law in neonatology. Collegiality in the decision-making processes as well as withdrawal and withholding of life-sustaining treatments that were already present in the practices of many centers has been stipulated within a legal framework and promoted in clinical practice. It has brought serenity within perinatal nursing and medical teams. It has helped them face the always-difficult end-of-life situations with parents and deal with decision-making processes in an intense emotional climate. However, new questions inherent to the law have appeared. The most important ones concern the withholding of artificial nutrition and hydration, the time pressure in the management of the decision-making process, and the management of the duration of palliative care. Challenges remain in addressing various persistent ethical dilemmas such as the possible survival of newborns with significant brain lesions detected after the period of life-sustaining treatments that have allowed their survival. The new law carried by Mr. Clayes and Mr. Léonetti should provide answers to some of these ethical issues, but it would probably not solve all of them., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The "patients' rights and end-of-life care" act, known as the Leonetti law, has allowed implementation of palliative care in neonatology as an alternative to unreasonable therapeutic interventions. A palliative care project can be offered to newborns suffering from intractable diseases. It must be focused on the newborn's quality of life and comfort and on family support. Palliative care for newborns can be provided in the delivery room, in the neonatal unit, and also at home. Going home is possible but requires medical support. Here we describe the potential benefits of the intervention of a regional team of pediatric palliative care for newborns, both in the hospital and at home. Two clinical situations of palliative care at home started in the neonatal period and the neonatal unit are presented. They are completed by a retrospective national survey focusing on the type of support to newborns in palliative care in 2014, which was conducted in 22 French regional pediatric palliative care teams. It shows that 26 newborns benefited from this support at home in 2014. Sixteen infants were born after a pregnancy with a palliative care birth plan and ten entered palliative care after a decision to limit life-sustaining treatments. Twelve of them returned home before the 20th day of life. Sixteen infants died, six of them at home. The regional pediatric palliative care team first receives in-hospital interventions: providing support for ethical reflection in the development of the infant's life project, meeting with the child and its family, helping organize the care pathway to return home. When the child is at home, the regional pediatric palliative care team can support the caregiver involved, provide home visits to continue the clinical monitoring of the infant, and accompany the family. The follow-up of the bereavement and the analysis of the practices with caregivers are also part of its tasks., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Unlabelled: Rarely children with Wilms' tumor develop spinal cord dysfunction by metastatic spread into the epidural space or the cord parenchyma. In the case reported here, the mechanism of spinal compression was different., Case Report: The authors report the clinical course of a 2-month-old boy with retroperitoneal extrarenal Wilms' tumor below the left kidney, characterized with a spinal cord compression developed through the intervertebral foramina., Conclusion: Abdominal tumor, usually corresponding to neuroblastoma, may be a nephroblastoma.