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Objectives To describe longitudinal relationships of metabolic syndrome (MetS) to cognitive decline and functional disability in a sample of older non-institutionalized men. Methods data from 1991 to 2000 of the Italian cohorts of the Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Elderly (FINE) study, were used. Global cognitive function and functional disability, defined as limitations in mobility, basic (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were screened in 1991 and 2000. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP-III criteria. Results The study sample consisted of 195 men, baseline age 76.1 ± 3.1 years. Baseline MetS was prospectively associated with greater 10-year cognitive and functional decline in ADLs and IADLs. After multiple adjustment including age, education, marital status, ApoE ε4 allele, cerebrovascular disease and initial cognitive and depressive status, MetS predicted cognitive decline (B = −1.684, 95%CI = −2.202 to −1.167, p < 0.001) and risk of IADLs (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.20, p = 0.048) and ADLs disability (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.12–1.62, p < 0.001). Interestingly, such associations were not attributable to individual altered components of MetS nor to their sum. Incident disability in ADLs and IADLs were not explained by parallel decline in cognitive function. Conclusions MetS as an entity was associated with accelerated cognitive and functional decline in a population-based sample of very old men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) might predict adverse health outcomes in old age. • Epidemiological data on the association of CKD with functional disability are limited. • We evaluated such a relationship using data from the population-based CARHES study. • CKD independently associated with greater disability in mobility, ADLs and IADLs. • Disability should be considered as a main outcome in the treatment of CKD patients. Abstract Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively impacts aging success. This study evaluates the association between CKD and functional disability, defined as limitations in performing mobility tasks, basic (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), in a population-based sample of older adults. In particular, we examined whether such a relationship extended to mild-moderate CKD stages (G1-G3ab). Methods Data from the Cardiovascular risk profile in Renal patients of the Italian Health Examination Survey (CARHES) study were used.Prevalence of CKD was estimated by means of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR (CKD-EPI equation-enzymatic assay of serum creatinine). A validated questionnaire was used to assess functional limitations. Potentially confounding variables, e.g. socio-demographic features, lifestyles, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and prevalent CV diseases, were considered. Results 1309 participants, age 71.4 ± 4.3 years, 53.8% men, were studied. 15.2% of participants were identified as having CKD. Of these, 11.5% were aware of the condition. Prevalence of CKD increased with age, and was similar between men and women. Mild-moderate CKD was found to be significantly associated with disability in mobility (OR = 1.05, 95%CI =1.01–1.09, p =.014) and ADLs/IADLs (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.02–1.12, p =.011) after multiple simultaneous adjustment including socio-demographic variables, CV risk profile, ACR, cognitive impairment and self-rated health. Conclusions Mild-moderate CKD independently associated with functional disability in a population-based sample of older adults. Evidence-based recommendations for disability prevention in CKD are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]