1. The progress in insect cross‐resistance amongBacillus thuringiensistoxins
- Author
-
Shiheng An, Yaling Zhang, and Jizhen Wei
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecta ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Bacterial Toxins ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,Insect ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Insecticide Resistance ,Pest insect ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacterial Proteins ,Animals ,Pest Control, Biological ,Cross-resistance ,media_common ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,Endotoxins ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,Insect Science ,RNA Interference ,business ,Restriction factor - Abstract
Bt crop pyramids produce two or more Bt proteins active to broaden the spectrum of action and to delay the development of resistance in exposed insect populations. The cross-resistance between Bt toxins is a vital restriction factor for Bt crop pyramids, which may reduce the effect of pyramid strategy. In this review, the status of the cross-resistance among more than 20 Bt toxins that are most commonly used against 13 insect pests was analyzed. The potential mechanisms of cross-resistance are discussed. The corresponding measures, including pyramid RNA interference and Bt toxin, "high dose/refuge," and so on are advised to be taken for adopting the pyramided strategy to delay the Bt evolution of resistance and control the target pest insect.
- Published
- 2019