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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the biomechanical status of the different components of the Latarjet procedure. The anterior capsule reconstruction with the transferred coracoacromial ligament (CAL) and the necessity of an intact subscapularis tendon were of particular interest. We hypothesized that the anterior capsule reconstruction will have a significant effect and that the Latarjet procedure will lose its stabilizing effect if the subscapularis tendon is torn., Methods: Stability testing of 12 human shoulder specimens was performed. After testing of the intact joint, a combined anterior glenoid and capsule defect was set arthroscopically. Then the Latarjet procedure was performed using an open approach and tested with and without loading of the conjoint tendons (10 N). Afterwards, the specimens were distributed into two groups and the Latarjet technique was reduced stepwise: dissection of the CAL, dissection of the conjoint tendons (group A); reduction of the coracoid segment, dissection of the subscapularis tendon (group B). Biomechanical testing was performed for each condition in two positions: 60° of glenohumeral abduction with neutral rotation and with 60° of external rotation; each with a passive humerus load of 30 N in the anterior, inferior and anteroinferior direction., Results: The Latarjet technique with load applied to the conjoint tendons significantly reduced translation compared with the defect condition for all tested positions in all directions. In group A, the CAL-dissection led to a significant increase of anterior translation (+5.0 mm, p = 0.003) and inferior translation (+7.3 mm, p = 0.025) in neutral rotation and of anterior translation in 60° of external rotation (+4.4 mm, p = 0.034). In group B, the reduction of the coracoid bone down to the coracoid tip resulted in a significant increase of only the anterior translation in abduction and 60° of external rotation (+4.5 mm, p = 0.05). In contrast, the detachment of the subscapularis tendon led to a significant increase of translation in all testing positions except the inferior direction in the neutral rotation., Conclusions: We found the anterior capsule reconstruction to represent a significant contribution to the stabilizing effect of the Latarjet procedure, whereas a deficiency of the subscapularis tendon eliminates its effect., Clinical Relevance: We recommend to perform the Latarjet technique with an anterior capsule reconstruction (e.g. CAL transfer) and with a transfer of the coracoid bone block rather than a transposition of the coracoid tip. Furthermore, we were able to show that an intact subscapularis tendon is a necessary prerequisite for a reliable stabilization.

This is the first case report of a deep soft-tissue leiomyoma with intraarticular localization within the knee joint. A 14-year-old girl presented with a painless mass in the dorsal aspect of her knee which she had noticed some 9 months earlier. While on plain radiographs no bony lesions were visible, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intraarticularly located tumor with well-defined margins. Intraoperatively, the tumor was found adjacent to the posterior cruciate ligament. The final diagnosis was established immunohistologically. Although this is a very rare tumor, it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis for soft-tissue swellings of the popliteal fossa.

The authors report on a case of tumoral calcinosis of the ischium in a 63-year-old female. By means of this particular case a general review of the literature on pathogenesis, histological characteristics, the possible way of treatment and the prognosis of tumoral calcinosis is presented.

Two cases of sports-related two-plane fractures of the distal tibia, their operative treatment and the result of therapy after hardware removal are reported. The incidence and mechanism of this type of fracture in adolescents are shown as well as the indication for surgical reconstruction depending on the gap in the joint surface of the distal tibia.