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Objectives: To assess the degree of relationship among individuals with hemangiomas and to evaluate the relative risk (RR) for family members of individuals with hemangiomas. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Utah Population Database. Participants: Data sets of individuals of different ages with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for hemangiomas were created from sources having medical records linked to the Utah Population Database. Controls were selected who matched cases for sex, birth year, and birthplace inside vs outside of Utah. Ten controls were selected per case, and sampling was performed without replacement. Kinship analysis tools were used to identify pedigrees having excess individuals with hemangiomas. Main Outcome Measure: Using conditional logistic regression analysis, RR for hemangiomas among several kinship classes was determined. Results: Identified were 2514 distinct cases 12 years or younger with ICD-9 code 228.01, and the RR for sibs in this group was significantly increased (RR, 2.52; P<.001). Seventy-three founder families had 5 or more affected descendants with cluster P values⩽.01; familial standardized incidence ratios ranged from 1.64 to 9.50. Family sizes ranged from 546 to 22 291 descendants. Conclusions: Sibs have increased RR for infantile hemangiomas, suggesting a potential genetic contribution to this likely multifactorial disease. Identification of large families with distantly related individuals will be helpful for future shared segment identification analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine how often the pediatric otolaryngology service is involved in the initial care of infants with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE), to assess the usefulness of bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy in diagnosing the underlying etiology, and to describe the long-term airway outcomes and whether these patients were seen by the pediatric otolaryngology service over a 5-year follow-up period. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: Tertiary children's hospital affiliated with a university hospital. Patients: Screened were 187 903 patient visits for infants younger than 12 months. A total of 1148 infants with an ALTE were identified, 471 of whom met study inclusion criteria. To identify the study population, these infants were cross-referenced against a database of 5156 patients who underwent airway evaluation by the pediatric otolaryngology service. Main Outcome Measures: Airway evaluation with or without intervention. Results: Four hundred seventy-one infants with an ALTE met study inclusion criteria, 9 of whom subsequently underwent airway evaluation via bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, or both. Three were referred during their initial ALTE admission, and 6 were seen later in childhood. Five of 9 patients had normal findings, 3 patients had laryngomalacia (including 2 with laryngeal edema), and 1 patient had adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Interventions consisted of 2 supraglottoplasties and 1 adenotonsillectomy. Conclusions: Among well-appearing infants hospitalized with an ALTE, 98.1% (462 of 471) did not undergo subsequent airway evaluation, and only 0.6% (3 of 471) ultimately required pediatric otolaryngologic surgical intervention during 5 years after the event. This study shows that otolaryngologists are not frequently consulted for well-appearing infants with an ALTE and that airway abnormalities are rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]