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To compare adverse health events in intervention versus control group participants in the Community Participation Transition After Stroke trial to reduce barriers to independent living for community-dwelling stroke survivors. Randomized controlled trial. Inpatient rehabilitation (IR) to home and community transition. Stroke survivors aged ≥50 years being discharged from IR who had been independent in activities of daily living prestroke (N=183). Participants randomized to intervention group (n=85) received home modifications and self-management training from an occupational therapist over 4 visits in the home. Participants randomized to control group (n=98) received the same number of visits consisting of stroke education. Death, skilled nursing facility (SNF) admission, 30-day rehospitalization, and fall rates after discharge from IR. Time-to-event analysis revealed that the intervention reduced SNF admission (cumulative survival, 87.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78.6%-96.6%) and death (cumulative survival, 100%) compared with the control group (SNF cumulative survival, 78.9%; 95% CI, 70.4%-87.4%; P =.039; death cumulative survival, 87.3%; 95% CI, 79.9%-94.7%; P =.001). Thirty-day rehospitalization also appeared to be lower among intervention participants (cumulative survival, 95.1%; 95% CI, 90.5%-99.8%) than among control participants (cumulative survival, 86.3%; 95% CI, 79.4%-93.2%; P =.050) but was not statistically significant. Fall rates did not significantly differ between the intervention group (5.6 falls per 1000 participant-days; 95% CI, 4.7-6.5) and the control group (7.2 falls per 1000 participant-days; 95% CI, 6.2-8.3; incidence rate ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46-1.33; P =.361). A home-based occupational therapist–led intervention that helps stroke survivors transition to home by reducing barriers in the home and improving self-management could decrease the risk of mortality and SNF admission after discharge from rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]