1. Effect of Exercise on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
- Author
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Matthew Farrow, Tom E. Nightingale, Jennifer L. Maher, Carly McKay, James L. J. Bilzon, and Dylan Thompson
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Exercise therapy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Spinal cord injuries ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Risk factor ,Exercise ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Rehabilitation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ,Metabolic diseases ,Resistance Training ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Electric Stimulation ,Exercise Therapy ,Treatment Outcome ,Blood pressure ,Chronic Disease ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,0305 other medical science ,Lipid profile ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective: To determine the effects of exercise on individual cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors in adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Data Sources: English language searches of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus (January 1, 1970, to July 31, 2019). Study Selection: Articles were included if they met the following criteria: (1) original articles with statistical analysis, (2) participants were adults with a SCI sustained ≥1 year ago, (3) exercise intervention duration ≥2 weeks, and (4) included any CMS risk factor as an outcome. Data Extraction: The methodological quality of articles was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Data Synthesis: Sixty-five studies were included for the final analysis, including 9 studies classified as high quality (≥66.7%), 35 studies classified as fair quality (50%-66.6%), and 21 studies classified as low quality (75% maximum heart rate) appears to improve waist circumference and hepatic insulin sensitivity but appears insufficient for improving fasting glucose, lipid profile, or resting blood pressure. The addition of RT to upper body aerobic exercise may elicit favorable changes in the lipid profile. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm if FES cycling is effective at improving peripheral insulin sensitivity.
- Published
- 2020
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