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Sexual dysfunctions are common experiences that often impact negatively on the health and well-being of affected individuals. We used baseline questionnaire data from 62,675 Danes aged 15–89 years, who participated in the cohort study Project SEXUS 2017–2018, to yield nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of sexual inactivity and dysfunction and to identify their sociodemographic correlates. Overall, we found that 23.0% of sexually experienced men and 28.8% of sexually experienced women had not been sexually active with another person within the last year. Sexual inactivity with another person was associated with both young and old age, single status, less favorable socioeconomic conditions, underweight and obesity, indicators of poor health, no use of alcohol, and physical inactivity. Among sexually active respondents, 18.0% of men had experienced any dysfunction within the last year, including erectile dysfunction (7.4%), premature ejaculation dysfunction (10.0%), orgasmic dysfunction (4.0%), and/or genital pain dysfunction (0.7%). Among women, 20.4% had experienced any dysfunction within the last year, including lubrication dysfunction (9.1%), orgasmic dysfunction (12.2%), genital pain dysfunction (5.0%), and/or vaginal cramp dysfunction (vaginismus) (0.8%). Additionally, 3.4% of men and 9.9% of women with a spouse/partner had experienced hypoactive sexual desire disorder within the last four weeks. Using the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) among respondents with a spouse/partner who had attempted sexual intercourse within the last four weeks, we found that 3.8% of men had experienced moderate or severe erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5 score ≤ 11) and 20.8% of women had experienced any sexual dysfunction (FSFI-6 score ≤ 19) during that period. Single status, difficulties paying bills and, among men, unemployment were positively associated with sexual dysfunction. In conclusion, we document several sociodemographic disparities in the prevalence of sexual inactivity and dysfunction in Denmark. In particular, both sexual inactivity and dysfunction were more common among singles and those reporting financial difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]