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Objective: Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is an uncommon neoplasm with a poor prognosis. We review the three cases of leiomyosarcoma of the prostate observed in our hospital in the last twenty years and studied their clinical follow-up,, Methods: We have found three cases and we have studied their clinical follow-up, immunohistochemical profile and ultrastructural features., Results: In all cases tumor cells were positive for vimentin and also for either desmin or actin. Two cases were considered grade III sarcomas, with an aggressive course even with treatment, they died 5 and 24 months later, respectively. The third case, was considered grade II and is still alive, 60 months after diagnosis, without evidence of disease., Conclusions: Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is an uncommon neoplasm that accounts for less than 0.1% of prostate tumors. We found no prognostic factors for predicting prolonged survival although complete resection and low mitotic activity may be predictive.

Objectives: Clinical and pathological study of eight cases of localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles. Review of the literature., Methods: Immunohistochemical and histochemical study in surgical specimens., Results: Two of the eight cases studied for amyloidosis in seminal vesicles, were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens; patients had prior androgen deprivation therapy for two months. Four cases were obtained from radical cistoprostatectomy specimens because of urothelial carcinoma and the last two cases were diagnosed by transrectal prostatic needle biopsy which including a portion of seminal vesicle. Amyloidosis of seminal the vesicle is permanganate-sensitive; A-Amyloid, laminin, amyloid P protein and collagen IV negative., Conclusion: Localized amyloidosis ot the seminal vesicle is not an unusual finding. The incidence increases with age. The histochemical and immunohistochemical features are different from other amyloid deposits.

Objective: To report two cases of papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis., Methods: Clinical and pathological study of 2 male patients 48 and 26-year-old respectively, presenting with a solid, painful mass in the head of the epididymis. The nodules were removed., Results: Pathological analysis showed two papillary cystadenomas of the epididymis., Conclusions: Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is an epithelial tumor of unclear origin. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and infertility. They are uncommon and benign.

Objective: To report a case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the kidney and review the literature and the 25 cases previously reported as PNET., Methods: A 39-year-old man who consulted for nephric colic is described. Ultrasound evaluation disclosed a mass arising from the left kidney. The clinical, radiological and pathologic features, treatment and differential diagnosis of small cell tumors are discussed, as well as the important role of immunohistochemical techniques (positive staining with O13 or 12E7 antibodies) and cytogenetic analysis [a characteristic chromosomal translocation t(11;22) (q24;q12) or variant translocation, such as t(21;22) (q22;q12), may be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction-reverse transcriptase (PCR-RT)]., Results: Survival of our patient was 20 months. Only three of the 25 previously reported cases had a longer survival: 60, 48 and 24 months. Mean survival was 10 months. 95.24% of the cases were positive for NSE. Immunostaining (CD99) was performed in 16 patients and was found to be positive in all cases. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed in 11 cases; PCR-RT was negative in two, as well as in the case described herein., Conclusions: PNET is a highly aggressive neoplasm that tends to recur locally and to metastasize. Despite the poor response to standard therapy combining surgical resection, postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy, the results might change due to current research on genetic therapy based on creating antisense oligonucleotides against the EWS-FLI 1 fusion gene.

Objective: To review the treatment strategies for adrenal melanoma and to emphasize the role of curative surgical resection and adjuvant treatment in selected patients with melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with advanced malignant melanoma., Methods: A case of adrenal gland metastasis of a cutaneous melanoma (Clark IV, Breslow 5 mm.) treated by excision one year before that was referred to the Urology Department for Wünderlich syndrome is presented., Results: The analyzed series of programmed adrenalectomy for adrenal metastases from melanoma describe survivals of 26 (3), 36 (9), 59 (3) and 72 (5) months. In our case the patient died at home one month later due to stroke, although concomitant brain metastasis is suspected. Autopsy was not performed., Conclusions: In the differential diagnosis of an incidentaloma, metastatic disease is likely in a patient with a history of malignant disease. The frequency of malignant melanoma among metastatic adrenal disease varies between 1% and 8.6%; the majority are asymptomatic and incidental findings. We believe that in selected patients with advanced malignant melanoma, with no major coexisting morbidity factors who have isolated melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland or with limited extra-adrenal sites of disease, curative surgical resection and adjuvant treatment may improve their survival. It must be emphasized that all patients should be followed after surgical resection of the primary tumor because it will facilitate staging of the disease and avoid emergency situations of ruptured friable metastases that make complete resection difficult.