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As a consequence of discrepancies in work allocation, women and men do not share similar positions in the labor market. The aim of this study is twofold. On the one hand, this paper updates our knowledge about the position of women in the Spanish labor market paying special attention to a particularly vulnerable group, that of immigrant women. On the other hand, it offers a critical view of the role that occupational segregation has on women's wellbeing and calls for taking segregation into account in designing public policies. For that purpose, this study presents an overview of the main theories that explain how segregation is produced and maintained across time, paying special consideration to its negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]