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Research projects concerning informational and heritage resources accumulated in the Croatian diaspora communities are becoming a growing interest in Croatian academia. This paper is a contribution to illuminate content and significance of resources which are necessary in the research of the history and the present Croatian emigration. In the introduction we bring a short history of St. Anthony Croatian Catholic Church and Croatian community that gathered there since the founding of the parish in 1910. The second part of the paper explains the role of the church archives on an example of St. Anthony Croatian Catholic Church in relation to the community, analysing its structure and signi- ficance and reviewing the methodology used and shown in the research. By analysing the content of the documents the emphasis is put on the importance of archival sources for the historical research of the Croatian community in Los Angeles. Until now the Parochial Archives of St. Anthony Croatian Catholic Church has been unknown to the professional and scientific public, therefore, this paper is also a contribution to the research of the Croatian cultural and archival heritage in diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents and describes archival records about Croats in Brazil and consequently on emigrants from Croatia in relation to that country, with the aim to enable easier access to future researchers and interested readers of this subject matter. The starting hypothesis is that the Croatian emigrant community is still relatively invisible in the context of migratory studies, as well as in general terms within the recipient country and the Croatian homeland. This is due to various reasons: the quantity and the accessibility of written records, possibilities of research and financing academic journeys to Brazil or Croatia, presence and activities of emigrants with the purpose of connecting and maintaining relations with the homeland, decreased emphasis on the national identity or lesser awareness of it with many emigrants, economic and political structural imbalance of the community in the new homeland in relation to other ethnic groups, relations of the local leaders and representatives of institutions, late opening and unstable work of consulates and embassies, the ideology of racial mixing and the conceptualization of identity according to the ius solis principle as the dominant model of Brazil's national policy towards immigrants and their integration into the Brazilian national corpus. Also important in that regard is the emigrational policy of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy which mostly favoured emigration of Slavic population, as is that of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that strived to decrease the number of other minorities that were not part of the contemporary Yugoslav national corpus by favouring the departure for Brazil as a melting pot country. Besides outlining the particularities of the relations between these two countries in which migrations are salient for understanding and closer ties, the paper puts special emphasis on the invisibility of archival records i.e. sources. The invisibility is explained as the result of poor archival policy and failure to register information on immigration, both of which are necessary in order to acquire and preserve records, as well as the result of the forced national cohesion in the 1930s, which became instrumental in shutting down all institutions with ethnic features. Selfcensorship appeared after 1964 due to the policy of Brazilian nationalism, which forced immigrant communities to hide or not to care for their joint and/or institutional past and memory. Bearing all that in mind, this paper can serve as a starting point for future research that will cast light on the complex history of immigrant Croats and their progeny in the largest South American country and at the same time serve as a point of contact between the two countries, since there is a general view that such points do not exist. The paper starts with a brief introduction, followed by three projects that charted and systematised archival records as the first step in creating a consistent database which will be accessible in the future. The main ideas and the context of the creation of the most important scientific works for this subject matter are explained next, ending with the description of archival records relevant for the history of Croatian immigration i.e. immigration from Croatia to Brazil, with the special emphasis on the correlation between primary and secondary sources, as well as the contributions of the community/homes and academic research. The paper presents existing projects, books and papers and by analysing them strives to demonstrate how to reverse the invisibility of the Croatian immigrant community and sources. It also delineates the institutional projects created via different collaborations, including the one between the community and the Unicentro University, archival records that became available because of that, as well as academic papers that deal with records in critical and analytical manner. These records also contain sources that are not widely accessible or quotable. Researching and understanding this topic is a formidable task regarding the approach (both in terms of language and physicality), but it is at the same time very promising. A certain amount of conducted scientific research does exist, but the large part of the records has not yet been systematised and processed. This should be done and then with additional new papers become a part of a wider field of migration studies in Croatia and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary information and communications technologies pose complex challenges to public institutions and other legal persons which create, own or possess records and archives. The problems generated by these challenges are even more acute when one considers that most of the public institutions and legal persons in Croatia still predominantly rely on "paper" i.e. analogue documentation in their everyday business. In that regard the recent Act on Archives and Archival Institutions (Zakon o arhivskom gradivu i arhivima), the Regulation on Records Management of the Public Authority Bodies (Uredba o uredskom poslovanju) and the Ordinance on the Management of Records Outside the Archival Institutions (Pravilnik o upravljanju dokumentarnim gradivom izvan arhiva) laid out a robust foundation for the gradual digital transformation of the records management system. However, the provisions of all these regulations addressing these questions are not always self-explanatory and simple, especially if one takes into account the conditions set by other relevant regulations which affect the area of records management of creators and owners or possessors of records and archives. That is why this issue needs to be considered in a thorough, systematic fashion over the long-term period. In other words, public institutions and other legal persons which create, own or possess records and archives should define a strategy on how to implement a transition to digital recordkeeping, which will allow for more efficient management of both analogue as well as digital records. The paper analyses a sample of internal normative acts of creators, owners or possessors of records and archives approved by Croatian State Archives since recent Act on Archives and Archival Institutions, and other relevant regulations came into force. The indicative examples of these acts (Rules for the Records Management and Records Disposal Schedules) singled out from the sample illustrate the possibilities offered by recent legislation and regulation on how to support the transition to digital records management system. That said, the paper argues that these acts can (and must) become an integral element of abovementioned transition strategy in the period when paper documentation is still very much in circulation at the same time when digital records are inexorably becoming the new norm. Second goal of the analysis is to consider how much are the creators and owners or possessors of records and archives in Croatia prepared to adopt the described solutions offered by the regulations when it comes to implementation of the digital transformation. The paper argues that there are noticeable advances in this area, but that many still prefer to think about records management along traditional patterns related to conventional records "on paper". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Croatian historiography has only few periodicals that were founded i.e. started back in the 19th century, but more importantly, that have been published continually in the following periods, until today. Extremely important place among such periodicals belongs to the Vjestnik Kr. hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinskog Zemaljskog arkiva (The Herald of the Royal-Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Land Archives) in Zagreb, which was founded in 1899 by the honourable Ivan Bojničić-Kninski (1858 -- 1925), with the help of Emilij Laszowski. Bojničić was also its first editor-in-chief. The periodical changed its name several times and since 1958 it has been published under the name Arhivski vjesnik -- Bulletin d'archives (Archival Herald), as a scientific and professional annual i.e. a specialised periodical of archival institutions in the Republic of Croatia for the fields of archival science, auxiliary sciences of history, information science and communication science, as well as related sciences. Since the publisher and the headquarters of this journal has always been associated with our most important national archival institutions i.e. the Croatian State Archives, the journal is the source of numerous studies and articles from the wide field of historical science, particularly from the auxiliary sciences of history. This was also emphasized in the first editorial of the journal ("Naša zadaća" ("Our task"), I/1899, p.2) with the following words: "(...) 3. This also includes the scientific interpretation of archival records i.e. the entire vast and interesting field of palaeography and diplomatics. It also includes heraldry, genealogy and sphragistics, if they are of use to the domestic history". Since the auxiliary sciences of history in Croatia did not have their own unique specialized publication (for a short while and only for some of them there existed Vitezović -- mjesečnik za genealogiju, biografiju, heraldiku i sfragistiku I/1903-1904, II/1905; and Glasnik heraldike -- časopis za grboslovlje, rodoslovlje, životopis i pečatoslovlje, I/1937, II/1938), it meant that journal was the focal point for publishing papers regarding epigraphy, palaeography, diplomatics, chronology, egdotics, sphragistics, genealogy, heraldry etc. This paper will examine and present the heraldic themes in The Herald of the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Land Archives i.e. Archival Journal during a very wide timeframe from the 19th to the 21st century. It will also point out the role and importance of its editor-in-chiefs, as well as numerous archives employees who were also renowned experts in heraldry and other auxiliary sciences of history, namely, Ivan Bojničić, Emilij Laszowski, Josip Matasović, Josip Buturac, Bartol Zmajić and Petar Strčić. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to central institutions such as state archives, many other types of archives that are covered by archival legislation have recently been increasingly promoted and developed, such as private archives and special collections of individual institutions, community archives, etc. However, the fact is that due to various obstacles many such places are not officially registered in the mentioned categories, even though they correspond to them in terms of character and activity. Such archives, whether they are registered or only operate nominally in one of the legislative frameworks, often differ from state archives in the priorities according to which they define their methodology. For example, many adapt the methodology of describing archival records and working with users in accordance with the logic and dynamics of the environment in which they exist. In addition, in such places, the roles of the creator and owner of the material are mostly intertwined. Historically speaking, special collection departments were more focused on internal users, often also the creators of the materials, than on external users -- individuals, groups, institutions or associations. However, in the last few decades, the number of external users of private and special, especially research archives, has been increasing, which is why it was necessary to re-examine the dynamics of the archival staff's relationship with all types of users and propose certain improvements. In the context of contemporary digital technologies and social networks, special librarians and archivists in special collections get to know users more and more thoroughly and readily respond to their specific requests. Furthermore, they also try to gather potentially interested individuals and groups, thus creating new communities of users. In any case, the appreciation of the implicit knowledge of users is valuable as a pledge in the process of ending the binary opposition of business and research value of archives. This is most visible in the example of community archives, which rely very directly on small stories. The analysis of the work of the Special Collection of Ethnographic Materials of the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research in Zagreb, Croatia, served here as an example of those services that function as informal special research archives and were created for their needs by the parent institutions. It was at the same time an example of a special collection that takes over evaluation criteria from other specific forms of archives, such as community archives, precisely recognizing the aforementioned qualities as a bridge to a more inclusive archival activity. The relationship between employees and users was examined through the lens of different methodologies, projects and cooperation in approaching archival records. Special emphasis was placed on the contemporary models of community involvement. Based on the review of the record lists of external users over a period of 60 years and the management of social networks, it was shown to what extent the characteristic approach to archival records and users, more precisely, their presentation and dissemination, affects the specificity of the formal and legal status of the Institute's Special Collection. The paper also concludes that social networks are not only important for promotion, dissemination and networking, but that due to the already mentioned inclusion they represent a completely new environment. Certain individuals within this environment transform from passive followers into a new, modern type of users of institutions within the GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the history of the development of the Budapest Time Machine (www.hungaricana.hu/en/budapest-time-machine), which started from the vision of the Venice Time Machine, despite the fact that it was never realised, but was the basis for the European Time Machine Initiative. The Budapest Time Machine was a visionary phenomenon from the moment of its debut, and it has maintained this position ever since: one of the flagships of the international Time Machine initiative from the very beginning. The development was launched by the Budapest City Archives in 2017. The background database of the Budapest Time Machine is the Hungarian public collection portal called Hungaricana, on which the Budapest City Archives continuously publishes a large amount of digitised archival sources (maps, blueprints, notarial deeds etc.). The interface of the Budapest Time Machine -- whose first version was developed in 2017 provides digitized and georeferenced maps of Budapest, synchronized with each other using GPS coordinates, and vectorised historical maps of the city's development in five different time sections (1837, 1872, 1908, 1916, 1938). The platform also allows browsing through historical documents related to the buildings, their owners or their former inhabitants: building plans, land registry inserts showing the owners, notarial deeds showing legal and administrative transactions of the period and the network of the inhabitants. Archival photographs and postcards are also easily searchable, either by address or by browsing the map. The Budapest Time Machine was completely renewed at the end of 2022. The advantage of the new version is that, unlike the previous version, it provides a single interface for accessing the data, and the maps can now be viewed in 3D. An important innovation is the publication of 3D historical reconstructions of some 30 buildings in cooperation with the University of Óbuda. The Budapest Time Machine is an example of collaboration between public collections and academic research, and we plan to include data created by NGOs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Croatian archival regulations (Archives and Archival Institutions Act and Ordinance on the Management of Records Outside the Archival Institutions) prescribe the procedure of the verification of compatibility of rules, technologies and procedures for conversion of archival materials into digital form. The procedure is carried out by the Croatian State Archives as the central state archives in the Republic of Croatia. It concerns a complex procedure of verification of a specific IT system for digitization which requires acceptance and implementation of appropriate standards and norms from the public authorities, other bodies or individuals in order for digitized records to be transferred in a certain way to authorised archives and consequently ensure their long-term protection. The paper provides answers to several current issues from conformity check procedures that can help public authorities and other interested parties in reconciliation of business processes and preparing documentation necessary for obtaining a certificate of conformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows, on the example of Croatian newspapers in Australia and New Zealand, the possibilities of researching the publications of Croatian emigrants. The goal of the Croatian Emigrant Press project implemented at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, is explained. The method of creating bibliographies within the project (with views in ISBD and MARC 21 formats) is also explained, as is the research methodology, which includes searching library catalogues, community engagement (crowdsourcing) and searching archival materials. The role of archives as heritage institutions that are indispensable in the research of publications is especially explained. Examples are given of New Zealand and Australian newspapers for which the only surviving sources are archival ones. One New Zealand newspaper (Glas istine, The Voice of Truth) has not been preserved in any of its copies, but documents preserved in the New Zealand archives prove that they were published. A similar example is of an Australian newspaper (Svijetlo, The Light) for which a document was found which makes it clear that the person who wrote the document had the publication in his hands. Images of documents related to the research of Croatian newspapers are also presented in the paper. One of these documents is related to the implementation of censorship in Australia in the 1930s and indicates that it were the Croatian newspapers Iskra (The Sparkle) and Oganj (The Flame) that influenced the amendments to regulations in order to control press as effectively as possible. The importance of private archives and community archives within Croatian associations is pointed out, and new possibilities for researching Croatian publications in archives in countries where emigrated Croats live are also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival public relations are defined as a complex communicational process (by focusing on the coordination of the public and private interests) whose purpose is supposed to manage the archives' public image and, depending on the possibilities, support its marketing (advertising) activities. The special emphasis within analysing possibilities of the applicability of public relations in the activities of contemporary archives is put on publications, since they are one of the best known and most popular archival programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical development of publishing activities of Croatian archives, as well as the contemporary managerial process of archival publishing as a promotional tool and in the context of the public relations. The analysis of the historical development of the publishing activities of Croatian archives had been based on the available literature, as well as documents of the individual archives and Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The research in the network of the state archives (regional archives and the Croatian State Archives) on managing the publishing activities had been conducted on a onetime basis via the questionnaire in the period from the 2nd to 7th March 2022. The main finding of the analysis is that the Croatian archives soon became aware of the techniques of early public relations' models and tried to implement them to the publishing activities. The strategic planning of their publishing activities, including the analysis of preferences of archival public based on the continuing interpersonal communication between archives and users, as well as the analysis of the communication with potential media and wider general public, can be considered as the important segment of public relations, whose purpose ought to be part of the archival management. The specified models imply a two-way symmetry of the public relations. Due to the fact that already in the mid-20th century the planning of publishing activities included interpersonal communication with actual users of archival services, it implies an early implementation of informational-communicational aspects in the strategic planning of archival program activities meant for their users i.e. the attempt of integration of the discipline of the public relations in archival project management. The publishing activities within the primary tasks of the archival network of state archives in independent Republic of Croatia formally kept continuity based on the existing Archives and Archival Institutions Act. Publishing of archival publications is stimulated by users' needs for better understanding and finding of archival records, as well as by archives' endeavours to increase as much as possible the sales of their services. According to the available information on the websites of the Croatian archives, and catalogues of the National and University Library in Zagreb on their publications from 1991 to 2022 (published on their own or co-published with other institutions), it can be concluded that archival publishing activities have gone into full swing after democratic changes. Still, the publishing policy did not undergo major changes compared to the earlier period. After 1991 the publishing activities are still mostly focused on publication of archival sources with the aim of increasing their availability. Apart from that, the results of research concerning the contemporary archival publishing activities in Croatia as promotional tools and in the context of the public relations indicate the need for their reorganisation, especially in the phase of strategic planning and evaluation, with additional stimulation of the development of digital versions of archival publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bulletin d' archives from 2021 published the results of a survey on participants in public consultations (e-counsellings) on regulations and planning documents on public archival service in Croatia. The subject was suited for a complete elaboration, since in the period from 2017 to 2020 the competent Ministry of Culture (renamed in July 2020 into Ministry of Culture and Media) had carried out counsellings via the central internet portal on eight legal acts (two laws, five ordinances and one planning document). Apart from the new ordinance on registers and other official archival documentation that has yet to be regulated, this constitutes a comprehensive normative and planning framework of the public archival service. Inter alia, the results of that research indicated a rather low level of interest of the general public, as well as the professional archival community for the normative infrastructure of the public archival service. The lower turnout was put into context of influences of the e-counsellings that had so far taken place, regarding the formation of the final proposals of legal acts in terms of the level of acceptance of the sent suggestions (comments). Analysis of this segment, i.e. the status with which the comments were marked after the e-counsellings (accepted, partially accepted, not accepted, duly noted, unanswered) are presented in this paper. This seeks to encourage scientific interest in further research on this topic, especially within the ALM community (archives, libraries, museums). The results of the research show that the Ministry of Culture and Media, as the competent state administration institution, fully or partially accepted 79 or 19.1 % of the total of 412 sent comments. This percentage is slightly lower than the average percentage of accepted and partially accepted comments on e-counsellings at the state level (24 %). Analysis of the structure of comments by two groups of participants (professional archival community, general public) showed an equal share of accepted and partially accepted comments in the total number of comments submitted by each group (18.8 % of comments of the professional archival community and 20 % of comments of the general public). Accepted and partially accepted comments were also analysed according to their content and classified into two basic categories: technical and professional comments. The share of unaccepted comments turned out to be very high (201 comments or 48.8 %). Nevertheless, as a kind of incentive for participation on future e-counsellings, it should be noted that two thirds of the accepted comments are related to professional comments. Although modest in terms of number or percentage (53 comments or 13 % of the total of 412 comments sent to the analysed e-counsellings), this data still reflects the valuable contribution of participants in shaping the normative infrastructure of the archival service, i.e. respect for their competence by the legislator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]