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Twister rat (Rattus norvegicus) belongs to the same taxonomic group as the capybara, agouti and spotted paca and belongs to family Muridae. Rodents have been in close contact with humans for centuries and are prominent species for having a cosmopolitan distribution and for being responsible for most of the economic and health damage caused to human beings. Rodents are migrating from research laboratories to residences, as no conventional pets, due to their graciousness and docility. A twister rat was examined, with a neoformation on the animal's flank. The patient, a 21-month-old female, with gray and white skin and weighing 375 g, presented a neoplasm of firm consistency and located in subcutaneous tissue. The patient was referred to the surgical procedure for removal the neoformation. Objective of the present cientific work is to describe the occurrence of a neoplasm in twister rat, as well discuss the surgical technique and anesthetic protocol used in the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has one of the largest herds in the world and is highlighted in global dairy production. To reach the final consumer, milk and dairy products undergoes several stages from milking on farms up to distribution in supermarkets. All these dairy products must be inspected by one of the sanitary authorities at the federal, state or municipal levels, which will supervise the hygiene and sanitation practices used throughout the production chain. However, it is known that nowadays there is sale and consumption of milk and dairy products that were not inspected, putting the population into risks. This study aimed to assess consumers' knowledge about foodborne diseases and the informal consumption of dairy products and posteriorly educating them about the risks of consuming milk and illegal dairy products. We conducted 120 interviews with questions structured in a semi-open questionnaire, verifying the interviewees' knowledge about the consumption of milk and dairy products inspected or not and the diseases transmitted by dairy products. It was observed that 97% (117/120) of people consumed milk and dairy products, 21% (25/120) people preferred to consume informal products directly from the producer and 8% (9/120) stated that they have this preference because consider them as healthier products. Only 9% (11/120) of persons knew the meaning of official inspection seals from federal, state and municipal inspection services (SIF, SIE, SIM), with only 7% (9/120) persons looking for the seal when buying a product. After applying the questionnaire, with the intention of promote health education, a folder was delivered to respondents, containing information on milk contamination, on foodborne diseases and on the importance of inspection of animal origin products. These results demonstrated that improving or adopting educational actions are urgently required on this population, reducing or eliminating the trade and consumption of informal products which can cause risks to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to identify the intestinal parasites that infect wild boars destined for slaughter in southern Brazil. The intestines of 40 wild boars were collected from a slaughtering and meat-packing facility for evaluation of each intestinal segment and fecal samples were collected from the final portion of the large intestine and processed by two methods of parasitological diagnosis. The necropsy revealed adult parasites in 14 (35%) wild boars, Ascaris suum (17.5%) and Trichuris suis (25%); and the stool analysis indicated the presence of parasites in 10 (25%) animals, Trichuris suis (5%), Isospora suis (20%), and Giardia spp. (10%). This is the first report of Giardia intestinalis in wild boars in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which also showed that Trichuris suis was present in most samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to report the surgical reintervention for enlarging margins in a patient diagnosed with cutaneous mast cell tumor. A canine, male, French Bulldog, 7 years old, was seen with a history of skin nodule removal in the abdominal region 15 days ago, with a histopathological diagnosis compatible with grade I mastocytoma and compromised surgical margins. Then, it was decided to perform a second surgical procedure to expand the safety margins, which was preceded by planning 5 cm of cutaneous margins and a layer of fascia and a muscular plane as a deep margin, in addition to inguinal lymphadenectomy. During the procedure, synthesis was possible without the use of reconstructive techniques, from the subcutaneous divulsion and the use of the Walking Suture pattern. There were no transoperative complications, and hematoma formation was the only postoperative complication observed. The material was sent for histopathological analysis, confirming low-grade cutaneous mastocytoma with free margins and no evidence of lymph node metastasis. Thus, adjuvant therapies were not instituted, and after 320 postoperative days, the patient was in excellent general condition, with no evidence of recurrence or distant metastases on chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. It is concluded that surgical reintervention can be an alternative for the treatment of low-grade mastocytoma with compromised margins, and that histopathological diagnosis and surgical planning are essential to reduce trans and postoperative complications, increasing the chances of success and cure of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to report ependymoma associated with uveitis in a four-month-old male boxer crossbreed. The dog initially presented in both eyes conjunctival hyperemia, blepharospasm, projection of the nictitating membrane, and photophobia, characteristic of uveitis. Traumatic uveitis was rejected. Six days after onset of ophthalmic symptoms, vomiting, incoordination, and behavior changes occurred. Neurological symptoms and eyebrow contraction suggesting head pain and brain injury were investigated by computed tomography (CT) nine days after, when the dog showed spasms of the limbs and neck followed by respiratory arrest with reversal and stabilization. The scans revealed extensive amorphic neoformation in the diencephalon, midbrain, and within the right lateral ventricle, along with sinistral displacement of the cerebral sickle. The animal was euthanized, and necropsy of the head revealed hydrocephalus and an intracerebral tumor mass consistent with the CT imaging. Histopathological evaluation by hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed tissue alterations in several CNS segments, showing several pseudorosettes in the neuropil, mitosis, and a high degree of cell atypia, indicating ependymoma. Inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and necrotic tissue lesions were observed in the brainstem and cerebellum due to compression by tumor tissue and hydrocephalus. The neoplasia was phenotyped by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and tested positive for the tumoral markers vimentin and glial fibrillary acid protein, confirming intracranial anaplastic ependymoma. Behavior changes and neurological signs resulted from vascular, inflammatory, and degenerative processes in the neuropil caused by neoplasm compression and invasion of brain tissue. Although dogs with ependymoma often present with neurological disease, in the present case, blepharospasm was the first symptom noticed by the owner, and it persisted until euthanasia. According to the literature, and confirmed in the evolution of the current case, the symptoms are related to tumor location and extent and to secondary lesions due to tumor expansion. Clinical symptomatology and complementary laboratory testing, CT, necropsy, histology, and IHC characterized ependymoma, a rare condition in young dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive management favors the occurrence of inflammatory or infectious foot diseases in farm animals. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact on the hooves caused by the type of floor and also to verify the effectiveness of the multivariate exploratory analysis for this data set. For that, the analysis of digits external morphometry of Nellore cattle confined and on grazing was carried out. Twenty-four animals were evaluated, twelve of which were kept in confinement and the rest in pasture. Ruminants were slaughtered at 20 months of age. Sectioned in the carpometacarpal and tarsometatarsal joints, the extremities of the thoracic and pelvic limbs of the 24 animals were sampled and frozen at -20°C. Subsequently measured with a millimeter metric tape on the lateral and medial region of the digits to obtain the height of the abaxial and axial wall, length and width of the sole, length, width and height of the bulb and the length of the lateral wall of the hoof. The multivariate exploratory analysis of multiple correspondence showed an association between such measures in samples from individuals in confinement and pasture. Confined animals had higher axial and abaxial walls, higher bulb height and smaller sole. When kept in the pasture soil, the digits had a lower bulb and a longer sole length. Although there is individual variation in the hull morphometry, the environment alone can change its structure. Higher hoof wall in confined cattle suggests less wear on the keratinized portion, while the greater development of the sole in animals raised on pasture may be related to better distribution of forces on the support surface. Thus, it is observed that the environment modifies its anatomical structure. The multiple correspondence analysis is efficient in identifying dependencies between categories of external morphometric parameters of bovine hooves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor Lysis Syndrome is considered a serious metabolic emergency, characterized by the release of cytotoxic substances into the bloodstream, which can lead to lactic acidosis, electrolyte disturbance, and high risk of death in a relatively small clinical course. It is considered a rare condition in small animals, especially when associated with the presence of solid neoplasms. This report correlates the influence of the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory firocoxib, used as a therapeutic base in the remission of the neoplastic inflammatory reaction, and as a consequence there was the abrupt development of the Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a canine patient of the miniature Schnauzer breed, with early inflammatory breast carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bone development in lambs is extremely important, as this will reflect in the performance of the animals when they are adults. Bone problems in sheep affect the productivity of animals, increasing mortality rates and infection. Therefore, the evaluation of lambs skeletal development should be taken into account when they are fed different types and concentrations of bulk. There are no studies in the literature that demonstrate this relationship. Twenty Ile de France male lambs were used. They were uncastrated and weaned at 15 kg body weight then distributed in four treatments, with five animals per treatment. The treatments consisted of roughage: concentrate 60:40 (corn silage:concentrate); 60:40 ( sugar cane: concentrate); 40:60 (corn silage: concentrate); 40:60 ( sugar cane:concentrate). For morphometric evaluation, weighing of the femurs was performed and the length the perimeter of the proximal and distal epiphysis and the diaphysis of femurs and bone mineral density of the respective treatments were evaluated. No significant differences in the morphometric and densitometric evaluation was found between different treatments, with the exception of diaphysis bone mineral density, which was significantly (p <0.05) higher in the treatment with 40% corn silage in relation to the treatment 60% sugar cane. The use of diets containing of corn silage and sugarcane associated with addition of concentrate maintained the anatomical features. However, the proportion of 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate, showed better diaphysis bone mineral density due to a higher intake of nutrients and minerals present in this diet and consequently a higher energy intake, as well as an increased supply of dietary calcium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the histomorphometry of cardiomyocytes treated with aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of 10% Azadirachta indica and 6CH streptozotocin in rats with streptozotocin-induced Diabetes mellitus. A total of 20 male albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups. After inducing diabetes by streptozotocin injection, 16 animals were treated for 30 days as follows: 1) diabetic-induced group was not treated; 2) group with 10% Azadirachta indica aqueous extract; 3) group with 10% Azadirachta indica hydro-alcoholic extract; and, 4) group with 6CH streptozotocin. On day 31st, the animals were killed and the heart was fixed in Bouin's solution and histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and PAS/Hematoxylin. HE staining showed eosinophilia in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes, demonstrating the presence of glycogen in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it was observed that all treatment groups showed areas and diameters similars, however these parameters differ from the control. Cytoplasmic and nuclear morphometry showed that the control group had the highest values for almost all parameters measured in cardiomyocytes compared to other groups. The most of morphometric parameters in cardiomyocytes showed lower values in diabetic animals and in all treated groups. Azadirachta indica and streptozotocin 6CH used in Diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin not submitted morphological changes in cardiomyocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability and appropriate level of vitamin D to promote physiological demand, bone formation and reduce the occurrence of locomotors problems in broilers. The aim of this study was to evaluate three levels of vitamin D on performance breaking strength and mineral content of tibia of three strains of broilers, it was used 1,440 chicken of one day of age. The complete random design used was in factorial 3X3, with three strains (Ross 308, Cobb 500 and Hybro) and three inclusion levels of vitamin D3 (1250 IU vitamin D3; 3000 IU vitamin D3 and 2760 UI of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol (OH) D3), provided in the diet until 21 day of life, with eight replicates of 30 birds per group, a total of 160 birds per treatment. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the levels of vitamin D, in the strains for the perfomance and breaking strength, except for feed intake for the strain factor (P <0.05), with higher feed intake of Cobb, probably due to its higher growth potential. The levels of vitamin D had no influence significant (P> 0.05) the quantities of calcium and phosphorus in the tibia bones. However, for strains was significant difference (P <0.05) at 14 days of age, with higher amounts of calcium to Ross 308 and higher amount of phosphorus to Hybro. This can be explained because of the genetic variation in metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in broilers. In conclusion the addition of 1250 IU vitamin D/kg of feed is sufficient to ensure performance and bone development of broilers independent of the strain to be used by proper adjustment of the levels of Ca and P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]