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Background: For 20 years, authors have predicted an expansion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) utilization. Over this same period, the introduction of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has dramatically altered the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with hopes of preventing articular damage and obviating the need for prosthetic replacement. The goal of our investigation was to evaluate TKA and THA utilization in young patients with RA (<65 years) in 2005 vs 2014 compared to patients with osteoarthritis (OA)., Methods: Using relevant International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology codes, the Truven MarketScan Database (over 46 million enrollees) was queried to determine THA and TKA incidence rates for RA and OA patients aged <65 years during the final decade of ICD-9 use. Patients with potentially confounding ICD-9 codes were excluded to limit coding variation. Statistical analysis consisted of student t -tests, Pearson's chi-square tests, and Breslow-Day tests., Results: For patients with OA, TKAs increased substantially from 0.07% in 2005 to 0.1% in 2014 (+42.9% change, P < .001). Similarly for patients with OA, THAs increased from 0.04% to 0.06% over the same time period (+66.0% change, P < .001). For young patients with RA, the rate of TKA remained relatively stable-1.06% in 2005 to 1.04% in 2014 (-1.7% change, P  = .65)-as did THA-0.44% to 0.48% (+9.0% change, P  = .14)., Conclusions: Dramatic increases in THA and TKA rates for OA patients aged <65 years were indeed observed from 2005 to 2014. This trend, however, was not seen in the RA population where TKA and THA rates remained unchanged., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.)