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On 12 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black plyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-27-ft-long rows on 5-ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. CGA-293343 25WG was applied with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 2, 18 Apr, 5, 9, 16, 23, 30 May, and 6 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was fitted with eight Al-buz orange nozzles per row delivering 60 gpa for the first application, 90 gpa for the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining 5 applications. The Admire treatment was applied on 31 Mar and the CGA-293343 2SC treatments were applied on 2 Apr in 4 oz water/plant. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, applications of Mattch and Xentari were alternated weekly. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the 7th-8th leaf counting from the top of each often plants on 9, 16, 21, 29 Apr, 8, 13, 21, 28 May, 4 and 11 Jun. The numbers of crawlers (1st instar), sessile nymphs (2nd and 3rd instars) and pupae (4th instar or red eye nymphs) of the silverleaf whitefly were counted. All plants in each plot were examined weekly for symptoms of tomato mottle geminivirus (To-MoV) which is vectored by the silverleaf whitefly. All red ripe fruit were harvested on 27 May, 2 and 11 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of southern armyworm, thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) and stink bug damage. Fruit were rated \-4 as follows for increasing severity of external symptoms of irregular ripening: ‘ 1’ = fruit without a pronounced yellow star at the blossom end; ‘2’ = a star at the blossom end radiating toward the calyx; ‘3’ or ‘4’ = 30% of the fruit surface unripened, respectively.

Transplants were set 4 Sep, 18 inches apart on raised beds on EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-21 -ft-long rows on 5-ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Spray treatments were applied with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 13, 18, 23, 30 Sept, 9, 14, 21, 28 Oct, 4, 18, 25 Nov, 2 and 9 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was outfitted with orange Albuz™ ceramic nozzles. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa was applied for the first six sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa was applied for the seventh spray (six nozzles) and 120 gpa was applied for the remaining six sprays (eight nozzles). Admire treatments were applied in 4 oz water/plant on 4 Sep. All plots were sprayed weekly with Bacillus thuringiensis for control of army worm larvae. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7-8th leaf from the top of one branch of each of 10 plants in the middle row of each plot on 30 Oct, 22 Nov, and 16 Dec. Numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs, and pupae of SLWF were counted and the data were averaged over all dates for analysis. All of the plants in the two outer rows of each plot were examined weekly for symptoms of virus. There are two viruses present which have nearly indistinguishable symptoms: tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), a geminivirus vectored by the SLWF, and potato virus Y (PVY), a potyvirus vectored by several species of aphids. All red ripe fruits were harvested from the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot on 12 Oct, 20 Nov, 4 and 17 Dec. The fruits were separated by the presence or absence of thrips and damage by the bugs SGS + LF. These fruits were counted and weighed. Each fruit was also rated 1-4 for increasing severity of irregular ripening (IRR), a disorder caused by SLWF feeding. The numbers of leafmines by LM were counted during a 2-min search of the middle row of each plot on 17 Dec. At the end of the experiment, a sample of three terminal leaflets was collected from each plant with ToMoV symptoms in the checks. The samples were frozen for later determination of the presence of ToMoV using nucleic acid spot hybridization and the presence of PVY using ELIS A.

Transplants were set 12 Mar, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft-row with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 9, 18, 24, 30 Apr, 7, 14, and 21 May. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first three applications, 90 gpa the next three applications, and 120 gpa for the last application using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 13 Jun, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 2-min whole-plot search. Leafmine counts of both persons were totaled. Fruit were harvested on 20 May and 3 Jun. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae, flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end), and stink bugs were determined.

Transplants were set 13 Sept, 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-18 ft long rows on 5-ft centers and were irri-gated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Spray treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 27 Sept, 11, 18, 25 Oct, 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Nov, 6, 13 and 20 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was outfitted with orange Albuz™ ceramic nozzles. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 6 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 90 gpa was applied the first six sprays (six nozzles) and 120 gpa was applied for the remaining six sprays (eight nozzles). Admire treatments were applied in 4 oz water/plant on 13 Sept. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of 10 plants in the middle row of each plot on 9 Oct, 6 Nov and 4 Dec. Numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF) were counted and the data were averaged over all dates for analysis. All of the plants in each plot were examined weekly for symptoms of virus. There are two viruses present which have nearly indistinguishable symptoms: tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), a geminivirus vectored by the SLWF, and potato virus Y (PVY), a potyvirus vectored by several species of aphids. All fruit of marketable size were harvested from the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot on 15 and 22 Dec. The fruit were separated by the presence or absence of southern armyworm damage and were counted and weighed. At the end of the experiment, a sample of three terminal leaflets was collected from each plant with ToMoV symptoms from the middle row of two checks. The samples were frozen for later determination of the presence of ToMoV using nucleic acid spot hybridization and the presence of PVY using ELISA.

On 1 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-21 ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal sprays were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 15, 22 Apr, 1,8, 16, 24, 31 May, 5 and 12 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and was fitted with Albuz orange nozzles. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa were applied the first two sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa the next spray (six nozzles) and 120 gpa for the remaining five sprays (eight nozzles). The Admire treatment was applied in 4 oz water/plant on 4 Mar. Because of a very heavy population of southern armyworm larvae, weekly applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javeline and Xentari alternated biweekly) were initiated on 13 May. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants on 22 May and from two leaves from each of ten plants on 18 Jun. The numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae (red eye nymphs) of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF) were counted. The plants in the outside two rows of each plot were examined weekly for the presence of virus-like symptoms. There are two viruses present which have nearly indistinguishable symptoms: tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), a geminivirus vectored by the SLWF, and potato virus Y (PVY), a potyvirus vectored by several species of aphids. On 13 May and 18 Jun, a 3—4 leaf terminal was collected from each plant with virus symptoms from the outer two rows of the checks. The samples were frozen and a single leaflet was used later for determining the presence of ToMoV using nucleic acid spot hybridization and the presence of PVY using ELISA. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 29 May and 14 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of southern armyworm, thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) and stink bug damage and were counted and weighed.