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Single-seed sowing is a new, simple and efficient cultivation mode for peanut that realized from cultivation of healthy individual and construction of high-yielding population. The cultivation mode has the obvious advantages in uniform seedling, strong sprouting, seed saving and cost saving, thus it is considered as one of the effective ways for high-yield and high-efficient peanut cultivation in China in the future. Through integrating with other high-efficiency and simple cultivation measures, the single-seed sowing technology system has made conforming to Chinas national standardization cultivations of peanut and the technology was already applied in the main producing areas of peanut and gained the significant efficiency and abroad application prospects. Based on many years of researches in single-seed sowing technology, high-efficiency fertilization and scientific chemical control in the research team, by combining with the latest research results in plant protection and machinery, this paper described the key points and matters needing attentions from variety selection, planting mode, rational fertilization, planting specifications and field management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]