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Pregnancy can be detected by several methods, including rectal palpation, measurement of progesterone hormone concentration, and ultrasound (USG). The aim of this study is to diagnose early pregnancy and monitor pregnancy development using ultrasound in Javanese Banteng (Bos javanicus). Three female Banteng from Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, Indonesia, were used for this study. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 11, 18 and 20 days after insemination. Diagnosis was based on the presence of the amniotic sac, heart rate, and embryonic and fetal development. Embryonic and fetal development were monitored until day 60 of gestation, and placental development was monitored from day 60 to day 270. The results showed that on day 20 after insemination, a 0.33-cm chorioallantois membrane with a white spot inside was detected. On day 27, a 0.55 cm embryo and a 1.16 cm amniotic sac were detected. The size of the placenta of the three bantengs was 1.21 ± 0.3 cm on day 60 and continued to increase until it reached 5.57 ± 0.26 cm on day 270. This study concludes that it is possible to diagnose early pregnancy at day 20 after fertilization and placental development in Banteng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823) is an endemic species in Indonesia that is threatened with extinction and whose population continues to decline in the wild. The aim of this study is to determine the timing of artificial insemination (AI) in the Banteng based on follicle size and uterine enlargement. For this study, two female Banteng were used in Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor. Habituation was performed to facilitate data collection. Optimal timing for AI is determined by examining the reproductive organs using Ultrasonography (USG) to detect changes in the uterus and ovaries and monitor clinical signs of estrus. Follicle size and uterine examination was performed on days -1, 0, and +1 for 3 estrus cycles. Insemination was performed 2-3 times during estrus until ovulation occurred. The results showed that the average follicle size of both Banteng was 1.09 ± 0.02 cm on day -1, 1.31 ± 0.02 cm on day 0, and 1.33 ± 0.03 cm on day +1. Artificial insemination was performed with a double dose of frozen semen when the Banteng were still rideable, and the follicle size ranged from 1.23-1.38 cm. Pregnancy was examined by ultrasound on day 21 after mating; both Banteng females were pregnant after AI. It can be concluded that AI technique can be used in captive Banteng breeding program by studying the development of follicles and uterine enlargement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]