1. Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars
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Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., De Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., De Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., Van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antojal, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado Y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bello Garcia, A., Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., De Felice, F., De Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Souza, R., Debosscher, J., Del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., De Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., Macdonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marsha, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mcmillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Monicz, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., Van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., Van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteint, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., De Boer, K. S., De Teodoro, P., De Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., Lebouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Olias Sanz, A., Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'Homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., Ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Gaia Collaboration, and Gaia Collaboration
- Subjects
stars: variables: RR Lyrae ,variables: Cepheids [stars] ,Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi ,Physics ,parallaxes ,distances [stars] ,data analysis [methods] ,stars: distances ,Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ,astrometry ,methods: data analysis ,variables: RR Lyrae [stars] ,stars: variables: Cepheids - Abstract
Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity (PL), period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared PL, PL-metallicity (PLZ), and optical luminosity-metallicity (MV-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. Methods. Classical Cepheids were carefully selected in order to discard known or suspected binary systems. The final sample comprises 102 fundamental mode pulsators with periods ranging from 1.68 to 51.66 days (of which 33 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The Type II Cepheids include a total of 26 W Virginis and BL Herculis stars spanning the period range from 1.16 to 30.00 days (of which only 7 with sigma(omega)/omega 0 : 5). The RR Lyrae stars include 200 sources with pulsation period ranging from 0.27 to 0.80 days (of which 112 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The new relations were computed using multi- band (V; I; J; K-s) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and by applying three alternative approaches: (i) linear least-squares fitting of the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes; (ii) adopting astrometry-based luminosities; and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. The last two methods work in parallax space where parallaxes are used directly, thus maintaining symmetrical errors and allowing negative parallaxes to be used. The TGAS-based PL; PW; PLZ, and MV [Fe/H] relations are discussed by comparing the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud provided by different types of pulsating stars and alternative fitting methods. Results. Good agreement is found from direct comparison of the parallaxes of RR Lyrae stars for which both TGAS and HST measurements are available. Similarly, very good agreement is found between the TGAS values and the parallaxes inferred from the absolute magnitudes of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars analysed with the Baade-Wesselink method. TGAS values also compare favourably with the parallaxes inferred by theoretical model fitting of the multi-band light curves for two of the three classical Cepheids and one RR Lyrae star, which were analysed with this technique in our samples. The K-band PL relations show the significant improvement of the TGAS parallaxes for Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars with respect to the HIPPARCOS measurements. This is particularly true for the RR Lyrae stars for which improvement in quality and statistics is impressive. Conclusions. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous HIPPARCOS estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent the first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a work-in-progress milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018. Acknowledgements. This work has made use of results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia, the data from which were processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. The Gaia mission website is http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia. The authors are current or past members of the ESA and Airbus DS Gaia mission teams and of the Gaia DPAC. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank the referee, Pierre Kervella, for his detailed comments and suggestions that have helped to improve the paper analysis and presentation. This work has financially been supported by: the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through grants I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, and 2014-025-R.1.2015 to INAF and contracts I/008/10/0 and 2013/030/I.0 to ALTEC S.p.A.; the Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomic, Astrophysique et Geophysique of Bouzareah Observatory; the Austrian FWF Hertha Firnberg Programme through grants T359, P20046, and P23737; the BELgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through various PROgramme de Developpement d'Experiences scientifiques (PRODEX) grants; the Brazil-France exchange programmes FAPESP-COFECUB and CAPES-COFECUB; the Chinese National Science Foundation through grant NSFC 11573054; the Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports through grant LG 15010; the Danish Ministry of Science; the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research through grant IUT40-1; the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme through the European Leadership in Space Astrometry (ELSA) Marie Curie Research Training Network (MRTN-CT-2006-033481), through Marie Curie project PIOF-GA-2009-255267 (SAS-RRL), and through a Marie Curie Transfer-of-Knowledge (ToK) fellowship (MTKD-CT-2004-014188); the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme through grant FP7-606740 (FP7-SPACE-2013-1) for the Gaia European Network for Improved data User Services (GENIUS) and through grant 264895 for the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training (GREAT-ITN) network; the European Research Council (ERC) through grant 320360 and through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through grant agreement 670519 (Mixing and Angular Momentum tranSport of massIvE stars - MAMSIE); the European Science Foundation (ESF), in the framework of the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training Research Network Programme (GREAT-ESF); the European Space Agency in the framework of the Gaia project; the European Space Agency Plan for European Cooperating States (PECS) programme through grants for Slovenia; the Czech Space Office through ESA PECS contract 98058; the Academy of Finland; the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation; the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) through action "Defi MASTODONS"; the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); the French L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) "investissements d'avenir" Initiatives D'EXcellence (IDEX) programme PSL* through grant ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02; the Region Aquitaine; the Universite de Bordeaux; the French Utinam Institute of the Universite de Franche-Comte, supported by the Region de Franche-Comte and the Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); the German Aerospace Agency (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. , DLR) through grants 50QG0501, 50QG0601, 50QG0602, 50QG0701, 50QG0901, 50QG1001, 50QG1101, 50QG140, 50QG1401, 50QG1402, and 50QG1404; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences through Lendulet Programme LP2014-17; the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office through grants NKFIH K-115709, K-119517 and PD-116175; the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology through grant 3-9082; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through grant NWO-M-614.061.414 and through a VICI grant to A. Helmi; the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA); the Polish National Science Centre through HARMONIA grant 2015/18/M/ST9/00544; the Portugese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through grants PTDC/CTE-SPA/118692/2010, PDCTE/CTE-AST/81711/2003, and SFRH/BPD/74697/2010; the Strategic Programmes PEst-OE/AMB/UI4006/2011 for SIM, UID/FIS/00099/2013 for CENTRA, and UID/EEA/00066/2013 for UNINOVA; the Slovenian Research Agency; the Spanish Ministry of Economy MINECO-FEDER through grants AyA2014-55216, AyA2011-24052, E5P2013-48318-C2-R, and E5P2014-55996-C2-R and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu); the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen); the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation through the ESA PRODEX programme; the Swiss Mesures d'Accompagnement; the Swiss Activites Nationales Complementaires; the Swiss National Science Foundation, including an Early Postdoc.Mobility fellowship; the United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through grants PP/C506756/1 and ST/100047X/1; and the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA) through grants ST/K000578/1 and ST/N000978/1.
- Published
- 2017