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Aims: The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment on weight control in patients with diabetes and obesity., Design: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study. SITE: Primary care. In 11 health centres in Málaga and Cádiz during April and October 2022., Participants: 281 patients over 18 years old with type 2 diabetes and obesity are included., Main Measurements: Socio-demographics, clinical, treatment and lifestyle habits variables were obtained from medical records and personal interview. Descriptive statistics were obtained for continuous variables. Statistical tests were performed based on the nature of the variables., Results: Variables like marital status, level of education and occupation, and smoking habit, shows differences regarding the sex (p<0.05). 82.3% of those who received education lost weight, compared to 67.5% of lost weight who received no health education (p=0.004). GLP1 and SGLT2 were more commonly prescribed for women (p=0.048), and SGLT2 more commonly prescribed for men (p=0.047). Patients taking GLP1, SGLT2 or both, regardless of sex, weight loss during the study period was -3.1kg (SE: 0.60), while the loss of those who took other medications was -1.33kg (SE: 0.62). The mean difference was 1.75kg (p=0.046)., Conclusions: In terms of weight loss, obese diabetics who took GLP1, SGLT2 or both were 2.5 times more likely to lose weight than those who did not. Healthy lifestyle choices are key to weight loss in obese diabetic patients., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this review is to analyze through a the scientific evidence about the effects of physical activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a preventive and non-pharmacological treatment., Design: Systematic review., Data Sources: We have identified articles from Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline and Scopus databases, with the keywords Alzheimer, Exercise, Neuroimaging, MRI, PET y Physical Activity. Selected articles: We included those studies that evaluated the effects of physical activity on Alzheimer's disease and those which also included magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography with Pittsburg Compound B marker (PiB) analyzing brain atrophy or increase of the beta-amyloid deposit respectively. We excluded studies including other types of dementia, different of AD. We also excluded articles which not included neuroimaging tests, single cases or non-English language articles., Data Extraction: The PRISMA quality scale was used for the critical lecture of the studies. The researchers independently assessed the articles and the discrepancies were resolved by consensus., Results: We identified 75 articles, of which 23 were finally included in the review., Conclusions: Most of the studies included do not allow us to know the impact of physical exercise on cognition and the cerebral structural-functional changes in patients at risk of developing AD or in patients who already have the disease. Without being able to rule out a possible beneficial effect, more studies are needed with a better design and methodological rigor that allows a better known about this association., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To find out the opinions of health professionals on adolescent alcohol drinking and their evaluation of the existing legal regulation measures., Design: Qualitative and exploratory study, based on semi-structured interviews., Setting: Four cities representing four different regions in Spain: Palma de Mallorca, Granada, Barcelona and Pamplona., Participants: A total of 36 physicians and nurses from four Spanish regions, working in Primary Care and Emergency Care, selected by intentiones samples., Measurements: A total of 36 deep interviews, analysed using the software Nudist Vivo 4.0., Results: Health professionals accept their important role in preventing and intervening in adolescent alcohol drinking. Generally, they consider it as a public health problem. Prevention is associated with Primary Care, while the Emergency Departments act in specific situations of alohol abuse. Adolescents infrequently visit Primary Care, thus prevention must centre on education system and constant coordination between health professional and parents. Health personnel do not have sufficient knowledge on legal regulations. They consider educational measures as more efficient than sanctions., Conclusions: Specific professional training is required in order to guarantee the coordination between the health and education systems and the family., (Copyright © 2008 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitudes towards gender-based violence in the Primary Care patient population and their relationship with sociodemographic factors and personal experience., Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study., Setting: Urban Health Centres., Participants: Patients ≥18 years-old who were seen in a Primary Care clinic., Materials and Method: A questionnaire was used that included questions associated with knowledge, attitudes and experience of gender-based violence in the domestic environment. Variables such as, age, sex, education level, marital state were recorded, as well as the detection of personal experiences of Gender-Based Violence using the short Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST)., Results: A total of 673 people, from 18-86 years, responded, of which 68% were women. Only 18.2% had sufficient knowledge on who is considered to exercise gender-based violence. Half of the participants believed that gender-based violence included physical and psychological injuries, inhibition of freedom and rape. In the logistic regression analysis an independent relationship was found with the knowledge of the correct response on what is gender-based violence by marital state, being less likely in married people as regards widowers (OR: 0.28; CI 95%: 0.11-0.72), to consider that gender-based violence involves physical injury (OR: 2.55; CI 95%: 1.28-5.08), but not psychological injury (OR: 0.52; CI 95%: 0.28-0.96), and not giving the correct response on what is domestic violence (OR:0.06; CI 95%: 0.03-0.12)., Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the results as regards what patients believe gender-based violence is and what aspects it covers., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate home care by primary care teams for people over 65 years old with chronic conditions, in order to identify improvement opportunities. To identify patient and care variables associated with cognitive and functional impairment, nursing home admission, attendance at casualty units, hospital admission and death., Design: Analytic study of the follow-up of a cohort for 3 years., Setting: Primary health care teams in Catalonia, Spain., Patients: One thousand three hundred patients over 65 with chronic pathologies and cared for by home care programmes in Catalonia., Main Measurements: The following will be recorded annually: health status (Charlson, Barthel, Pfeiffer, Braden, and Gijón), data on the carer (Zarit), care received (social and health), self-perception of health (SF-12), Casualty attendance, short-term admissions and the final results, i.e. death or definitive admission to a nursing home or hospital. The statistical analyses will be based on logistic regression and a survival analysis., Conclusions: The study should reveal patient characteristics with prognostic value, as well as identify the social and health factors related to better survival and lower consumption of health and social resources.

Objective: To describe the aspects of continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics considered as most relevant by the primary health care physicians., Design: Observational study.Setting. Physicians filled-up the questionnaires during 45 minutes at their primary health care centres., Participants: Primary health care physicians involved in the Fundation Institut Català de Farmacologia continuing education activities since 1997 were selected., Main Measurements: A specific questionnaire was designed to collect the physicians' opinion on different topics regarding continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics., Results: 180 physicians from 21 primary health care centres answered the questionnaire. 68% of the responding physicians considered that continuing education has to be useful to improve routine clinical practice. Regular seminars and methods stimulating active participation administered by primary health care professionels are preferred. Continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics should be focused to health problems rather than being drug-oriented. They referred being more interested in drug selection issues and in the role of new drug in comparison with the existing alternatives rather than in regulation and drug consumption issues. 66,3% of the responding physicians considered that continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics should be compulsory. Public health authorities and primary health care physicians should share the responsibility in setting-up continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics programs, according to the opinion of almost 70% of the physicians., Conclusions: Primary health care physicians are interested in continuing education in pharmacological therapeutics as far as it is practical and useful to solve problems of their routine clinical practice.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological situation of an epidemic of mumps, to calculate the risk of catching the illness depending on the vaccine strain used and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the serologic determination., Design: Longitudinal observational study. The incidence of mumps between January 1999 and June 2000 was calculated. Case-control study of outbreaks evaluated the risk of catching the disease depending on the vaccine strain., Setting: Health Area 4 in the Community of Madrid., Participants: Residents and students from schools in the district.Interventions. Epidemiological vigilance. Serologic determination of IgM and titration of IgG. In outbreaks, people exposed were vaccinated after assessment of their vaccine status., Measurements and Main Results: The rate of incidence in the first 27 weeks of the year 2000 for the 1-4 year-old age group was 334.7/105, against 12.2 in 1999. In children under 5 vaccinated with the Rubini strain there was a significantly greater risk of suffering illness than in those vaccinated with the Jeryl-Lynn strain (OR, 6.28, 95% CI, 1.43-38.50). The amount of cases confirmed serologically (specific IgM positive) was 22.22%. The mean of the logarithms of the IgG titres was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in IgM-negative patients with epidemiological confirmation (4.05, 95% CI, 3.18-4.28) than in IgM-negative cases without any epidemiological link (2.58; 95% CI, 2.33-2.84)., Conclusions: We emphasise the increase of mumps incidence in the school population (fundamentally in the under-5s), which parallels an increase in outbreaks. The results suggest that the Rubini strain is less efficacious. The possibility of using alternative methods to IgM detection (IgG titration) as a diagnostic tool in a population with high vaccination coverage is posed.

Objective: To describe the strategies adopted to increase anti-tetanus vaccination coverage in people over 24, as well as the record systems which exist in Castilla-La Mancha health centres. In addition, to determine those factors involved in achieving greater coverage which depend on the primary care team (PCT)., Design: An observational study of a crossover type., Setting: Primary care., Participants: The PCT in Castilla-La Mancha existing in 1993. 72.5% reply rate., Measurements and Main Results: The average coverage achieved, weighted according to population, was 10.55%. The main risk groups in which strategies to increase coverage were put into practice were: the chronically ill (49.5%), professionals at risk (37.6%) and pregnant women (32.6%). Patients were summoned for follow-up doses by 41.3% of PCTs as a matter of habit and by 41.3% occasionally. Normally the vaccination was recorded in the Medical Notes by 41.9% of PCTs. A linear tendency between a higher vaccination rate and, on the other hand, both greater insistence that patients attend for revaccination (p = 0.01) and better recording in the medical notes (p = 0.04) was confirmed. Vaccination coverage was significantly greater in health centres where less people were seen (p < 0.001) and which were more modern (p = 0.003)., Conclusions: The low anti-tetanus vaccination coverage found justifies setting up initiatives of demonstrated efficacy to increase anti-tetanus immunisation. Better records and insistence on patients' attendance for follow-up doses are factors linked to greater vaccination coverage.

Objective: The prevalence of habitual tobacco use in our area and its relationship to other epidemiological variables., Design: A highly structured interview was given to a random sample from the area in order to make a descriptive study of smokers' characteristics. Beforehand there had been: a pre-interview, training of the interviewers, reliability., Setting: The Arturo Eyries Base Health Area in Valladolid., Participants: A random sample of 246 people over 14, extracted from a sampling background numbering 14,200., Intervention: Items related to tobacco addiction and included in the interview., Measurements and Main Results: 43.9% +/- 5 of our population smoked, consuming an average of 16.4 +/- 10 (mean +/- SD) cigarettes per day. The average starting age was 17.2 +/- 5.4, with males starting earlier. The highest percentage of smokers was found in the 30-39 age group, where female smokers exceeded female non-smokers. The typical smoker's profile is that of a married middle-aged man or woman, of average education and able to work., Conclusions: We obtained a section of the population at risk, clearly defined for health purposes.