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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a histologically distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma comprising basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. BSCC is aggressive and shows a poor prognosis because of frequent lymph node invasion and distant metastases. BSCC preferentially occurs in the cervix, thymus, and esophagus and is uncommonly found in the head and neck region. BSCC in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinus is particularly rare. Inverted papilloma is an uncommon, benign tumor with a propensity to be associated with malignancy; however, BSCC arising in an inverted papilloma has never been reported. Here we report a case of a 56-year-old woman with BSCC arising in an inverted papilloma in the nasal cavity. The woman was referred to our hospital for epistaxis, nasal congestion, and dysphagia. A tumor was observed to completely occupy the left nasal cavity. The biopsy specimen was histologically diagnosed as papilloma. Computed tomography demonstrated a tumor with heterogeneous contrast effect occupying the left nasal cavity; however, extra-nasal tract extension was not observed. We performed endoscopic excision of the tumor. Microscopic findings confirmed the diagnosis of BSCC arising from an inverted papilloma. No tumor recurrence has been observed for 13 months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this report is to evaluate the effects of voice rehabilitation with a voice prosthesis in a young patient with thyroid cancer. A 17-year-old girl underwent voice restoration with a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy to treat thyroid cancer. She completed voice-related questionnaires (the Voice Handicap Index-10 and Voice-Related Quality Of Life Survey) at ages 17 and 21 and underwent phonetic functional evaluation. The sound spectrograms of her phonation using the voice prosthesis showed low frequency sounds without an obvious basic frequency. She was ashamed of her hoarse voice and did not use her voice prosthesis during high school. However, after beginning to work at age 20, she used her voice to communicate in the workplace. At age 21, her questionnaire scores, especially those related to the physical and functional domains, improved compared with those at age 17. Voice restoration with a voice prosthesis is recommended for young patients who undergo laryngectomy for advanced thyroid cancer. The advantages of voice restoration with a voice prosthesis may increase when the patient reaches working age, and it may improve post-laryngectomy quality of life considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Chest computed tomography (CT) is not performed routinely or worldwide as the initial diagnostic procedure for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The significance of the chest CT scan for HNC diagnosis has not been thoroughly defined. The present study reports findings in an effort to broaden the acceptance and application of CT for HNC. Methods Using medical records, we assessed initial chest CT scans of the patients with new-onset HNC between April 2004 and March 2010. The results were classified into three groups: nodules ≥1 cm, small nodules (<1 cm) that were indeterminate and normal lungs without nodules. Lung nodules that increased in size and/or number at follow-up were regarded as malignant. First, the sensitivity of X-ray and CT for detection of lung nodules in patients with HNC was compared. Second, the nodules were estimated to be malignant or not malignant by follow-up chest CT. Third, statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between variables and distant lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results In total, 332 patients underwent a chest CT scan as part of the initial examination. Lung nodules were detected on the initial chest CT in 77 patients: in contrast, lung nodules were detected on the initial chest X-ray in only five patients. On initial chest CT scans, lung nodules ≥1 cm were observed in 10 patients, small solitary lung nodules were observed in 67 patients, and lungs without nodules were observed in 255 patients. Lung nodules were detected in 77 (23.2%) patients, 25 (32.5%) of whom had malignant lung nodules. Moreover, in 18/67 patients (26.9%), small lung nodules initially classified as indeterminate were determined as malignant at follow-up. However, 30/255 patients (11.8%) without nodules at initial diagnosis developed lung nodules at follow-up. T3 or T4 disease ( P = 0.006), N2 or N3 disease ( P < 0.001) and stage 3 or 4 disease ( P = 0.001) individually and significantly correlated with the development of lung metastases. In addition, lung nodules in initial CT scans ( P = 0.004) and other distant metastases ( P < 0.001) were significant predictors for the development of lung metastases at follow-up. Conclusion Initial chest CT scan is recommended for patients with advanced HNC. Further, patients with advanced HNC with or without lung nodules, as detected on initial chest CT scans, should be followed up with additional scanning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Sentinel node (SN) biopsy in the head and neck region has not been widely used in Japan, except at a few facilities. However, almost all these facilities perform preoperative localization and intraoperative diagnosis by frozen section analysis of SN to select patients who must undergo neck dissection in a one-stage procedure. The objective of this study was to determine the actual status of SN biopsy at those facilities in Japan that have actively conducted this procedure, and to elucidate the usefulness and drawbacks of this technique in head and neck cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 177 patients who had undergone SN biopsy at 7 facilities. The underlying pathology was laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer in 20 patients from one hospital, while the remaining 157 patients had oral cancer. Preoperative localization of SN was determined using conventional lymphoscintigraphy with or without single photon emission computed tomography with CT (SPECT-CT). Intraoperative localization and diagnosis of SN were performed by gamma probe and frozen section analysis. Results: Conventional lymphoscintigraphy detected a mean of 2.6 SNs per patient in 137 patients with oral cancer, compared to 2.7 in 71 patients using SPECT-CT and 2.9 in 154 patients using the gamma probe. No significant differences were apparent between techniques. Forty of the 520 SNs (7.7%; 33 in oral cancer and 7 in laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer) were pathologically positive in the final diagnosis. Of these, 3 were not processed for frozen sectioning and were diagnosed only with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Among the others, 32 (86.5%) were diagnosed intraoperatively as showing metastasis. In terms of the false-negative rate, 144 patients were determined by SN biopsy to have no positive SNs. Of these, 2 patients had non-SN metastases found in their dissected neck and 8 patients without neck dissection showed late nodal recurrence. The false-negative rate was thus 6.9%. Conclusion: Frozen section analysis, particularly multislice sectioning, offers a relatively reliable intraoperative diagnostic method. We were able to perform immediate neck dissection based on the results of multislice sectioning as a single-stage procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The first revision of "Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Head and Neck Cancer" was made in 2013 by the clinical practice guideline committee of Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer, in response to the revision of the TNM classification., Methods: 34 CQs (Clinical Questions) were newly adopted to describe the diagnosis and treatment methods currently considered most appropriate, and offered recommendation grade made by the consensus of the committee. A comprehensive literature search was performed for studies published between 2001 and 2012 using PubMed. Qualified studies were analyzed and the results were evaluated, consolidated and codified by all the committee members., Results: Elective neck dissection (ND) does contribute to improvement in survival and should be performed for patients with high-risk tongue cancer. At present, no research has clearly demonstrated the utility of superselective arterial infusion chemotherapy. However, depending on the site and stage of the cancer, combination with radiotherapy may be useful for preserving organ function or improving survival rate. Concurrent CDDP chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy contributes to improvement of survival rate as an adjuvant therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients at high risk of recurrence. The anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (Cmab) has an additive effect with radiotherapy. However, the indication must be carefully considered since this treatment has not been compared with the standard treatment of chemoradiotherapy. Cmab has been shown to have an additive effect with chemotherapy (CDDP/5-FU) in patients with unresectable metastatic or recurrent cancer. Preoperative and postoperative oral care may reduce the risk of postoperative complications such as surgical wound infection and pneumonia in head and neck cancers. Rehabilitation soon after ND for cervical lymph node metastasis is recommended for maintaining and restoring shoulder function., Conclusions: In this article, we described most relevant guidelines and CQs for the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer in Japan. These guidelines are not intended to govern therapies that are not shown here, but rather aim to be used as a guide in searching for the most appropriate treatment for individual patient., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)