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Objective: (1) To compare temporal bone anatomy comprehension taught to speech therapy students with or without a papercraft model. (2) To explore the effect of papercraft simulation on the understanding of surgical approaches in first-year residents., Methods: (1) One-hundred and ten speech therapy students were divided into three classes. The first class was taught with a lecture only. The students in the second class were given a lecture and a papercraft modeling task without instruction. The third class modeled a papercraft with instruction after the lecture. The students were tested on their understanding of temporal bone anatomy. (2) A questionnaire on the understanding of surgical approaches was completed by 10 residents before and after the papercraft modeling. The papercraft models were cut with scissors to simulate surgical approaches., Results: (1) The average scores were 4.4/8 for the first class, 4.3/8 for the second class, and 6.3/8 for the third class. The third class had significantly better results than the other classes (p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test). (2) The average scores before and after the papercraft modeling and cutting were 2.6/7 and 4.9/7, respectively. The numerical rating scale score significantly improved (p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test)., Conclusion: The instruction of the anatomy using a papercraft temporal bone model is effective in the first step of learning temporal bone anatomy and surgical approaches., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)