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This research applied ecological thinking to develop a more integrated or ecological understanding of the needs and aspirations of communities of older people.A three-stage methodology was utilised. Stage one entailed the thematic analysis of resident satisfaction surveys collected from 1000 residents of aged living and care facilities to identify issues impacting upon their lives. In stage two these findings were critiqued through a key stakeholder forum. In stage three findings were authenticated through resident interviews and workshops.The findings suggest that an ecological framework for the well-being of older people living in residential communities can be conceptualised as the four domains of the physical environment, social environment, governance and active living.This framework for the ecology of resident well-being developed through this research informs an ecological approach to service providers' planning to promote the health and well-being of residents of communities of older people.