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SomeSalmonellaspp. are zoonotic, a frequent cause of foodborne illness in Canada, and known to infect humans through contaminated poultry and poultry products. Certain serotypes ofSalmonellaspp. have been demonstrated to be vertically transmitted from hen to egg. The incidence ofSalmonellaspp. isolation in the flock has been correlated to its isolation from the environment. Twenty-one producers were enrolled in this study to examine the occurrence ofSalmonellaspp. in 48 table egg layer flocks housed in 35 barns in Alberta. The purpose of this study was to: (i) identifySalmonellaserotypes isolated from the environment of table egg layer facilities in Alberta and (ii) record the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. across eight defined environmental sampling points.Salmonellaspp. were isolated from the environment of 20/35 barns representing 29/48 flocks. The most common serotypes isolated wereS. Heidelberg,S. Kentucky andS. Mbandaka. The order of most to least contaminated sample location was manure belts (54.1%), feeders (47.9%), feed motors (45.8%), egg belts and walls (41.7%), fans (35.0%), cage bottoms (31.3%) and lobbies (27.1%).Salmonellaspp. were isolated from 7/7 barns post cleaning and disinfection, demonstrating the persistence of this organism in the environment and the need for effective eradication protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella entericaserovar Heidelberg is one of the top three serovars implicated in human infections in Canada. In 2003, the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance reported antimicrobial resistance (AMR) inS. Heidelberg in Canada. The study objective was to investigate the AMR ofS. Heidelberg isolated from poultry in Alberta. We examined 951S. Heidelberg poultry isolates obtained during 1996 to 2010 and tested against 18 antibiotics using the Sensititre AVIAN1F system. Temporal resistance patterns were analysed using single-level logistic regression models. Continuous variables were included in the multivariable models. Multivariable models were built and variables and interactions were included in these final models. Data were analysed using Stata 11 Intercooled. Ceftiofur resistance ranged annually from 0 to 10.5% and gentamicin resistance ranged annually from 0 to 33.3%; no isolates were enrofloxacin resistant. Resistance to amoxicillin (annual range 0 to 42.6%) varied significantly by time and interaction with commodity type. Meat turkeyS.Heidelberg isolates had higher ceftiofur resistance compared with chickens: layers plus layer breeders (odds ratio = 22.6,P< 0.01) and broiler breeders (odds ratio = 9.1,P< 0.01). Gentamicin resistance decreased significantly over the study period (odds ratio = 0.72 per year,P< 0.01). Tetracycline (TET) resistance changed significantly over time (annual range 0 to 39.6%), interacting with poultry commodity type. Meat turkey isolate TET resistance, higher overall than that of chicken, increased throughout the study. All turkey breeder isolates were resistant to TET. In conclusion, this study provides AMR data forS. Heidelberg isolates from the Alberta poultry industry and demonstrated significant trends in resistance, both temporal and between poultry commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]