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Studies on tourist guiding in the books of National Tourism Congresses between 1990 and 2015 have been evaluated within the scope of several parameters. In this context, the purposes of this study are to reveal general features of tourist guiding literature and make it easier for the researchers of this area to be studied. Frequency and percentage analysis of collected data were conducted after they were loaded to statistical analysis package software. As a result of the analysis, it was obvious that the highest number of papers were published in the 15th National Tourism Congress. With regards to the number of writers, works with two authors were the majority. The most frequently used key words in the papers were "tourism" and "tourism guiding". The first and second writers were found to be working at the University of Balıkesir and the most studied subject was education in the papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to determine the trend of published research by conducting content analysis of research on the primary school Turkish course curriculum. The data obtained was analyzed using the descriptive scanning model. In accordance with this purpose, articles, papers, doctoral and postgraduate theses written between 2008 and 2022 were used. The data obtained from the 45 studies that made up the sample were interpreted according to frequency and percentage and shown in figures and tables. By content analysis of the research; A total of seven variables were examined under the headings of publication type, publication date, year of the program examined, research method, research sample, data collection method and data analysis, and distribution of the program elements. In this context, a data collection form was prepared and the findings for a total of seven research questions were discussed. It is seen that more than half of the studies consist of research articles. According to the data obtained, it is seen that most of the research was conducted in 2008. It is seen that the most studies were conducted with the 2005 curriculum and the least with the 2017 curriculum. In five studies, program years were compared. It is seen that 30 of the studies were conducted in accordance with qualitative research, 6 of them were mixed method, and 9 of them were conducted in accordance with quantitative research. When the research designs are examined; It was concluded that 31 descriptive studies and 14 case studies were preferred. Document review and interviews were mostly used in the studies. Most of the studies examined were conducted with classroom teachers. According to the results obtained from this research, it is recommended to organize the Turkish course curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gift tradition is a universal and functional culture pattern that is encountered in all cultures. This tradition has been maintained in both primitive and contemporary cultures. In modern cultures, gift-giving has been offering more opportunities to consumers than previous eras In the gift of gift tradition, it is necessary to be brought together fields such as consumer behavior, history of economy, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and culture in order to be able to examine the behavior of women in buying gifts, giving gifts, and accepting gifts from the others. The purpose of this paper is to try to understand the feelings, thoughts and expectations of women about gift-giving. For this purpose, firstly the concept of gift-giving, and in this direction the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of women in gift-giving were thoroughly examined from the past to the present and new suggestions were made as stated in the results obtained from this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic strikes the world as whole and have negative impacts in many ways and also caused to pause ongoing life all around globe as a disaster and crisis. Tourism feels the consequences of this crisis like almost all others. It is considered to be highly important to draw a rescue route for tourism industry after this disaster while it still feels the impact and while the path ahead is still blur. This paper aims to investigate specialists' views who work and study on tourism field as academic. The main focus of this paper is to determine how much damage tourism industry takes by this pandemic and how to recover from it. Both qualitative and quantitative analyzes are used in order to clarify findings of this research. According to findings, academics have significant worries about the future of tourism industry and also about the amount of damage that it will take. However, there are quite recommendations about recovering from it. This paper also aims to contribute to tourism enterprises, government decision makers about tourism and other researchers who might study about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomadic Turkoman groups were accepted as yoruks in the Ottoman first hand documents. In this paper; population, fiscal and social positions of Horzum Yoruks settled in Menteşe Province in the XVI. Century is analysed. Main topic of this paper is that which clan do this people in and how did they come this area? It was studied on the name of Horzum, some other names and titles as well. A recent study shows that these groups closely associated with the political and social cases, on the other hand they continued pastoral life and stood in touch with the other parts of community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most effective method for countries to keep themselves under control is a census. Censuses reveal data indicating the socio-economic and cultural structure of a country in all aspects. It is thus possible to analyze the needs of the state and the society that constitutes the state more accurately based on the collected data. In this context, the second census conducted in the Republic of Turkey is the 1935 Census. This census gives us detailed information on the socio-economic and cultural structure of Balıkesir province. The purpose of our study, which we prepared based on this information, is to scrutinize the population of Balıkesir and reveal its potential in light of the statistical data. This paper first addresses the population issue and attempts to shed light on why censuses were needed. Secondly, in the process leading to the 1935 Census, the history of Balıkesir was explained. Subsequently, the preparations in Balıkesir were outlined within the framework of the preparations made across the country for the census. The population data of the Balıkesir province were reviewed based on the results of the 1935 census. In the light of these data, Balıkesir's population structure and density in terms of gender, literacy rate, birthplaces of the population, disability status, and professional preferences were evaluated using the document analysis technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overtourism mainly refers to tourism activity that exceeds a destination's carrying capacity, causing overcrowding and environmental degradation. Locals feel a sense of occupation of their own living spaces and their resentment towards visitors, and tourism in general, may manifest itself in the form of social movements in many cases of overtourism, exhibited as public protests and hostility. In such cases, local governments need to prevent or manage overtourism, in hopes of a positive local -- visitor interaction. The present paper aims to analyse the interaction between locals and visitors in Foça, where warnings of overtourism are evident. A qualitative research design was adopted and unstructured interviews have been carried out with tourism and non-tourism business owners, employees as well as retired local population of various history in the town. The data obtained have been deciphered, thoughts and feelings of locals about visitors and tourism during periods of congestion have been established and ultimately possible solutions have been offered for preventing overtourism and establishing positive interaction. In the case of Foça, the research reveals that locals avoid getting out of their homes during periods of congestion altogether and are especially disturbed by the sheer number of excursionists. Excessive demand has excessively increased the cost of living, pricing locals out of their hometown. Among the suggestions to curb overtourism and to establish positive interaction, traffic regulations, spreading the crowds towards new sites of attraction and accommodation in an effort to ease congestion, (vocational) education of locals, visitor management, as well as establishing communication channels to enable positive interactions have been offered. However, a long-term solution will be an inclusive tourism development plan that incorporates locals in the decision-making process and offers them equal access to opportunities and benefits of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance is a sector that has become more important as increase the economic development and growth level of the countries increase. Furthermore, the insurance sector has a positive influence on economic growth and development. Along with the diversified and developing economic activities, the service area and scope of the insurance sector are also expanding. With the development of the insurance sector, the risks in the economy are minimized. Thus, risks can be eliminated, and more efficient results can be obtained from economic activities. The aim of the paper is to denote the importance of insurance sector in terms of economic growth. The study included G-8 countries and covered the 1996-2019 period. For the econometric analysis, we used the IPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration test, and FMOLS coefficience. The results displayed that there is a long-run relationship between insurance sector and economic growth. Additionally, the insurance sector has a positive effect on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuscripts that found both in libraries and persons todays are the most precious works of the Ottoman heritage. These manuscripts offer us unique material in terms of know and acquaint the Turkish culture. Generally "conk" and "mecmua" called these works be source for investigating from various aspects Turkish language and literature of the period of Ottoman, as they can be subjected to many different scientific research. Manuscripts are transferring to dijital media being determined on the occasion of various institutions, now. After this stage, the manuscripts needs to be used in scientific research by transcribing the of these. This paper, on a text in corpus numbered OMCT I/170 located in the National Library (National And University Library-St. Clement of Ohrid) in Skopje capital of Macedonia. The text is between 1b-2b pages of corpus and title of title text is "Kıssa-i Azrail, Doğan, Cebrail, Göğercin". The text is written with mesnevi verse form and the number of couplet of the text is 36. Some copies of the text can be considered among verse religious narrative poem genre was read and studied in someways by Şükrü Elçin, Nurettin Albayrak and Namık Aslan. It is suggested name of "Kirdeci Ali" about the author's work based on copies of work. In the Balkans, especially in Macedonia Ottoman heritage lives today with all the cultural elements. The text titled "Kıssa-i Azrail, Doğan, Cebrail, Göğercin" will be discussed in the papers will be examined such of shape, content, function by comparing; will be discussed language and literature aspects of Ottoman heritage with the reflection in the Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper involves the three level method of iconology developed by Erwin Panofsky and methods of visual semiotics being used in order to analyse a work of art, A painting by Prof. Mahmut Bozkurt, who is renowned in contemporary Turkish art with his notable drawing skills, has been studied. This work is part of a series of paintings which the artist reveals mythological elements with an artistic perception that resembles one of baroque style, yet addresses contemporary issues. While the work is being decyphered, a background of the artist and the represented mythological story are studied, and the painting is analysed in a denotational manner followed by a connotational manner. The paper is finalised with evaluations of the artist's philosophy, social stance, and the messages he has passed to the next generations with this painting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hüseyin Orak who was one of the important businessmen of Ankara, sent his children for the country tour in 1936. In that duration, while Orak couldn't find the Turkey's guide book for his children's journey, the idea of an opus, (Guide of Turkey) was born. The project of Türkiye Kılavuzu had been implemented after the World War II, but it costed a great fortune. The project of Orak, unfortunately, had not aroused an expected interest, although he had sent teams all over the country by giving the allowances and covering the expenses. Orak, who started out with the idea of a social responsibility, could published only the first volume of Türkiye Kılavuzu despite of a great deal of effort, time and expenses. Turkey's fourteen cities individually studied in this volume, there were miscellaneous information related to these. This book is the basic and important resource for the researchers who work on city history, local culture and social structures. For example, 1940's Balıkesir, one of these cities, were introduced in the context of social, historical, economical, cultural and especially excursionary view in Türkiye Kılavuzu. In this paper, Türkiye Kılavuzu which is a rare book nowadays and its Balıkesir section will be examined with the story of finding of Türkiye Kılavuzu by authors of this article. In addition, this paper will reveal the formation of an opus as the first tourism and publicity guide of Turkey which actually could be seen the first social responsibility project of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounds of the Study: Under the logic of capital accumulation process; poverty has been aggravating day by day in the world-wide with deepening problems of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sections of the society, and nowadays with mostly influencing the urban population. Urban poverty demonstrated itself with %8.86 in Turkey (TUIK, 2009). At the study, urban poverty and urban poverty alleviation have been searched from the socio-economic and political restructuring process from 1980s onwards. Since 1980s, global planet has been under the influence of neo-liberal discourses. New political agenda reflected itself with the policies supporting capital, new order has been settling on decentralization, localization, governance, privatization, elimination of global trade boarders, and alleviation of social security network. In this respect, within the framework of re-scaling and re-structuring of state; state transfers power to global scale (multinational organizations and institutions) and local scale (local administrations).That process leads to change at state's intervention to urban fields and local administrations come to the front side as the pivot actors at combating poverty. Purpose of the Study: That paper's first objective is highlighting the emergence of local administrations at combating poverty within the socio-economic transformation of world order under capitalist formation within the re-scaling of state process. The second target at the research paper is to set forth the aggravating trend on urban poverty, and demonstrating the intersection points with the critical role and responsibilities of local administrations on that framework. Lastly, the current condition of local administrations in Turkey, at poverty alleviation process is analyzed firstly with the evaluation of institutional responsibilities by the previous and newly enacted local laws, secondly budget proportions have been analyzed by the help of 'current transfer expenditures' budget item; finally, technical staff capacity building issue concerns which have a key role at the success of poverty alleviation are evaluated. In that context, relative strengths and weaknesses of local authorities on poverty struggle have discussed, some solution proposals have been given on that dimension. Method: Within the context of the study, literature review has been made concerning poverty and urban poverty; and international institutions reports that highlighting the functions and responsibilities of local administrations at combating poverty and legal framework at national level have been deeply searched. Main Discussion and Conclusions: That study's main assumption has been shaped around that hypothesis, "while at the new political order, decentralization argument let to the attribution of lots of roles and responsibilities to the local administrations, recently, it is seen that local administrations can produce effective poverty alleviation policies only with coordinated and integrated central government upperhand policies; because local administrations cannot take the necessary financial, administrative and human resource power transition that is in harmony and sufficient with their local responsibilities. Consequently, local administrations have no needed financial and technical capacity for being remedy at urban poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postgraduate education activities executed under departments of music education which are listed under the category of postgraduate programs are the kind of educational processes that can enable the individuals to become experts in teaching of music profession and that can acquire them a top level of educational background. As required by the field study itself, a wide range of musical instruments are taught in postgraduate programs of teaching of music. Flute education which takes place at this process as one domain of instrument education is integrated to the departmental programs of music education and it can thus introduce postgraduate thesis studies in relevant field. This paper that aims to unveil research dispositions in postgraduate studies on flute in departments of music education is a qualitative research that employs document analysis technique. Research sampling consists of a total of 42 theses selected via purposeful sampling method. Out of the total sampling; 12 theses are selected from PhD studies on flute in departments of music education and 30 theses are selected from master's studies. Research data were collected via "Postgraduate Thesis Classification Form" developed by the researcher and in the analysis of collected data content analysis was employed. Based on the findings of this research, postgraduate theses on flute in departments of music education have been analyzed with respect to their distribution on the basis of years, universities, subject fields, research methods, selection method of the analyzed group in the study, selection methods of the sampling, validity-reliability methods, data collection tools and data analysis methods and suggestions on the research question have thus been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of postmodern marketing have gradually rising in importance recently, and "Tribal Marketing" which has an important place among these concepts has started to be indispensable in business life. It could be said that there have been groups which people saw as tribe and influenced their behaviors in any moment of human history from primitive man to nowadays, while the first thing coming to mind is how modern man adopted the sense of tribe. Tangible tribes in traditional views have giving way to modern and more intangible ones. People may feel that their belong to many communities or tribes and sometimes these relevant communities or tribes may influence their behaviors. Particularly the social media makes these interaction groups into more intangible ones recently and people can connect with these groups more strongly. People have to communicate for connecting each others consciously or unconsciously. Individuals share their information, emotion and opinions in this process of communication. It's regarded that individual's sharing within groups to which he/she belongs reflects himself/herself. Such that, the individual's way of expressing himself/herself within relevant groups is indexed to article he/she consumes. In this paper, the concept of tribal marketing which is a new marketing strategy and its effects on consumption will be discussed theoretically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term interest rates used as conventional policy tools were lowered to near zero by developed country's central banks following the financial crisis of 2008. As a result, the possibility of using short-term interest rates as a policy tool disappeared. This situation gave central banks of developed countries more opportunity to adopt unconventional policy tools, and it can be observed that negative interest rate policy was finally included into this policy set. The purpose of negative interest rate policy is to increase the resources that will be used by the private sector by decreasing excessive reserves kept at central banks, thereby contributing to economic recovery. This paper deals with negative interest rate policy as a tool of unconventional monetary policy that central banks of some developed countries have adopted. In this way experiences of central banks which carry on negative interest rate policy were evaluated. Although it is hard to outline a definite judgement about this policy's consequences considering the short period of time in practice it is important to appreciate unconventional and partly prevalent implementations in the sight of current monetary policy contest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic of research : In Turkey, the public debt was introduced at the end of the sixties. This study scrutinizes the experience of the Turkey. In the first step, the paper explores the potential normative and political-economic driving forces of public debt and its instruments projections. The following part evaluates forecasting with regard to public expenditures and deficits. The paper is organized as follows: In the next section the theoretical framework of the public debt. In section 3 are presented variety of the state debts and in section 4 managing of them. Aim of research: . The paper attempts to estimate the debt sustainability and publib debt instruments in Turkey.. Next, we discuss the public debt policy and its impact on the macro economy. Source of data: Turkey's debt has sharply increased from early 1980s. Fiscal policy plays a crucial role for a country in achieving its economic and social objectives through the use of government's resources. On the other hand it is constrained by the need to finance the corresponding deficit. Main discussion Public debt has a long history in many countries. Since long time many economic explanations of public debt have been offered. Recently, political-economic explanations have gained more and more interest. Recent concerns over the government deficit have raised the issue of debt sustainability, whether or not a government can continue to operate under its current fiscal policy indefinitely. Result Final section concludes analysing of the public debt, size of public sector. and fiscal sustainability. The general result is that the" crowding out" can occur when the state debt raises. The state debt crise can cause fiscal unsustainability and safeness of the land. Debt policy aims at protecting public budget deficit. In this study tested Wagner rule. In the end of the research are assessed the debt policy, debt instruments and their effects on the macro economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement: In the development economics literature, 'economic growth' school focuses on the expansion of income and expenditure, whereas 'human development' approach defines development as an enhancement of human capabilities and widening of choices. Purpose of the study: The intellectual and the philosophical contributions that have shaped and enriched the concept of human development will be analysed in the first part of the paper. The second objective of the paper is to examine Turkey's position in human development continuum. Methodology: The concepts and the additional categories of Amartya Sen's 'capability approach' that form the theoretical framework of the human development paradigm, are examined. The Human Development Reports are studied to provide an examination of Turkey's performance on the human development continuum through the years. Discussion and Results: Although Turkey has been among the fastest progressing countries, international comparison shows that countries with less income levels have managed to achieve higher levels of human development. The analysis of Turkey's development performance points at a trend of constant yet unbalanced development. The second point is that knowledge persists as Turkey's major weakness in the human development process. Turkey has to define her goal as to be among the high human development countries category in the nearest future. Moreover, the development policies should adopt a human development centred economic, social and cultural policy path, investing in education aiming to increase literacy rates and enrolment ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In paper, the relationship between short-term foreign capital flows and economic growth is empirically investigated for the total 26 emerging market economies that are classified as the lower opening level and the higher opening level at 2004-2014 period. In investigating this relationship, System Generalized Method of Moments, which is one of autoregressive panel data estimators and produced by Arellano and Bover / Blundell and Bond is used. When investigated 2004-2014 period, it is maked out that the rise in the share of short-term capital flows into gross domestic product positively affects economic growth for both of country group on this period. The results obtained are paralleled the argument about short-term capital flows and the literature. Accordingly, short-term capital outflows in case cause the recession and the financial crisis, whereas short-term capital inflows cause booming on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine the amount of water-related soil loss in the Bakırçay Basin which is located west part of Anatolia and to evaluate the relation between the current land use / cover and the erosion risk situation. In this paper the soil loss model (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation-RUSLE) was used to quantify soil loss in the basin. Soil samples obtained from the 108 field plot has been determined according to the gird method and analyzed in the laboratory, digital elevation model for LS factor and precipitation data were analyzed with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. LANDSAT Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite image with a spatial resolution of 30m of July 2013 was used to determine existing land use / land cover situation of the study area. According to the results of the research, it is found that the amount of soil loss due to water in the Bakırçay Basin has reached the highest values on the mountainous masses surrounding the basin floor, which has high slope values and high deforestation. In addition, the risk of erosion in areas where mining activities carried around Soma has been found to be very high. Depending on the continuation of the change in the land due to the mining and agricultural activities, it is possible that the risk of soil loss increases. In this context, the risk of soil loss should be taken into account, especially in watershed planning and management studies, and decision makers should consider this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adil Erdem Bayazıt was an artist who gained a significant foothold in the recent era Turkish literature. He not only was involved in artistic activities but also was a man of many parts having an active role in political, cultural, and social fields. Bayazıt internalised the arts in Maraş, the city of poets and writers, in the shade of important literary figures, his teachers, friends, and the war-torn economy. This paper includes a review of Erdem Bayazıt's thoughts on poetry through Orhan Okay's poetic classification. According to Okay, main parts of poetics in the first plan are "descriptions, deixis, language, interpenetration of arts, internal structure/context and reader of poetry". We tried to put forth the poetics of Erdem Bayazıt within the frame of this plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of agricultural production in Turkey vary by multidimensional social changes and transformations in different periods. It is considered that the changes and transformations in the 1950s, 1960s, 1980s and 1990s are very important milestones for Turkish agriculture. The effects of mechanization in agricultural production in the 1950s, and after the policies depending on import substitution and subsidies that implemented from 1960s to 1980s, the opening of the Turkish agriculture to foreign investment caused serious problems in agriculture sector. In this paper, firstly, it will be assessed the growing poverty and unemployment in rural areas, the dependency relationships experienced with the dominant effects of foreign companies at every stage of production and the devastating effects of advanced industrial production technologies on the nature and human health, and then it is aimed to offer some alternative solutions because of unsustainable of the existing agricultural policies and conventional (common) production. These alternatives are natural agriculture (Fukuoka agricalture) and changing capitalist system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the evaluation of customer e-complaint which is considered to be negative for travel agents by e-WOM shares. Also, ıt is located in paper how is the agency services, in what way and in what areas they remain missing in what stage of the service and how the resolution of complaints and which style, customers used with making a complain. Results are expected to raise an awareness for other travel agencies about the complaints and travel agents can deal with "complaint". The universe of the study consisted of e-complaints in an internet platform for complaints which name is sikayetvar.com. The complaints are related to travel agencies under the tourism category. Sample of this study, a total of 1897 complaint's texts in a web complaint forum site at stake travel agencies were investigated according to the years and issues, between January 2013-December 2014. It is concluded with the help of the data edited by using content analysis and grounded theory analysis method that complaints for travel agencies. In this study, e-complaints are investigated. Therefore, although Internet usage is increasing significantly from day to day, there are a group not want to use and can not use the ınternet. Also, e-complaints was limited between 2013-2014 years period, because of limitations pages.The survey results indicate that focused on accommodation, tour cancellation change, communication between agencies and hotels and guidance-tour subject. The text of the complaints analyzed has appeared the most frequently repeated words, bad (599), complaints (388), dirty (216), irrelevant (100), victim (185) and fiasco (109). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines pragmatic result of scientific thinking development from ancient times to twenty first century. The article considers the effect of thinking and invention of scientists' and philosophers' on their public. The scientific opinion of Aristo has special place among Ancient Greek Philosophers. The opinion of Aristo especially on astronomy prevails until eighteenth century; scientists try to base upon their opinion and invention according to Aristo philosophy. Scholastic thinking and Aristo philosophy were broken down by Galileo's and Newton's observations and experiments. While there was science- religion conflict until nineteenth century; after this century there has been science- ethic conflict because of the performance at nuclear power sector and genetic sector. This study which is based on eclectic tries to explain development and improvement of science history and philosophy. The person, who starts to research recently, might not be able to know how and where to start to thinking. In this contex, this study aims to be a guide for these people. It is especially thought that this study triggers new researchers to open to new changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Status of the Problem: Organizations engaged in technological production have to fulfill at least one of three following tasks in order to keep up with the latest changes: bringing self-developed changes/inventions to market; copying, tailoring and applying changes as a leading figure or keeping up with the latest changes. That being said, organizational learning capacity and innovation making ability are the key assets. The significance of these assets becomes obvious while organizations strive to enhance their performance in highly competitive environments. In this respect, elaboration and explanation of these key assets as well as correlating them with organizational performance will help using them more effectively and productively. Purpose of the Study: This paper aims to study how to improve organizational learning capacity; consequently how it will affect organizational innovations and how a change in performance may occur. Research, as well as the refining innovations, also aims to explain the change in organizational performance. Method of the Study: The study is assessed with participation of middle and senior managers working in organizations producing software, chip, advanced technological tools and technology solutions in Marmara district. Face-to-face, online and delivery by hand techniques are utilized in questionnaire survey. Collected data were evaluated with SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Findings and Conclusions: System orientation, climate for learning orientation, knowledge acquisition and utilization orientation, information sharing and dissemination orientation all of which are sub-factors of organizational learning have positive effect over exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. The study also exposes that exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation have similar positive effect over organizational financial performance. The outcomes of the statistical analyses of this research have exposed considerable conclusions that increase in capacity of organizational learning will result in an increase in organizational innovation and financial performance. In other means, organizations that are willing to extend their innovation and financial performance should broaden organizational learning capacity. In order to broaden organizational learning capacity; operations including system orientation, climate for learning orientation, knowledge acquisition and utilization orientation, information sharing and dissemination orientation should be developed. Organizational financial performance can also be expanded by developing exploratory and exploitative innovations. Thus, exploitative innovation should be carried out on a regular basis and exploratory innovation should be achieved independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activities concerning education had begun with the existence of human on the earth, however the adoption of teaching as a profession had realised just after establishment of settlements. It is not possible to give an exact date for the beginning of profession of teaching but it is known that teaching became a profession today after several phases. The most important element of education system is teacher. The succession of an education system does not produce any services on teachers who operate and apply the system. For this reason, the education system is as good as teachers in that system (Aladağ, 2003: 7) In addition to disciplinary knowledge, profession of teaching is fairly complex profession understanding teaching and student as a complement. (Arı ve Saban, 2000; Aladağ, 2003: 8). The teacher is an important person who applies the state's policy of education developed as a result of many researches, affects these politics with his/her application results, benefits from professional studies and searches and also provides problems for these studies. (Sünbül, 2001: 226). The teacher is an individual not only transfers knowledge decently but also he/she is effective by his/her attitudes and behaviours with organizing activities that can affect pupils' succession. (Varış, 1988: 117) Persistence of nations as powerful, rich and happy depends on their ability to renew themselves technologically and socially. The most important duty belongs to teachers as social engineers. Rapid developments in science and technology change the structure and goals of the societies. Thus, the changes are inevitable on both general purposes of education and traditional role of teachers. (Baki, 2009; 62) Purpose of the Study: The general purpose of this study is to determine politics and applications concerning geography teacher training and to state the adequacy of these politics and applications quantitatively and qualitatively to the period of transferring training of subject matter teachers of secondary schools to the universities (1923-1982) Method of the Study: In this study the technique of documentary analysis is used in accordance with method of descriptive analysis. The study of documents contains analysis of written materials covering knowledge on fact or facts which is/are aimed to be searched. The documentary analysis can be mere instrument for collecting data in quantitative research and it can be also used with other methods (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2011: 187) Traditionally the study of documents is known as the method of historians, anthropologists and linguists. In this method the questions of which documents are important and which ones are suitable to use as source of data are related to the problem of the research. For instance, in a research related with education such kind of documents can be used as sources of data: text books, curricula, official writings in/out schools, student enrolments, books, student papers and exams, lesson and unit plans, teachers' portfolios, official documents concerning education and so on (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2011: 188; Boğdan ve Bilken 1992; Goetz ve Le Compte, 1984) Findings and Conclusions: In Republican era several works have been done for development of profession of teaching, training of teachers to meet the needs quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of these works are official arrangements like 3 March 1924 dated and 439 number "Law for Secondary Education Teachers" and 1739 number Law of National Education; the establishment of institutions of education to train subject matter teachers for secondary schools, High Teacher Schools and universities; preparing reports by national and international experts to reveal the problems on teacher training and to develop politics for solutions. After the reclamation of the Republic in all institutions aiming to train subject matter teacher, geography departments took place and graduates from these departments were employed by Ministry of National Education The programmes of geography education should be considered historically especially in terms of quality of education, the programmes of geography education should be observed, suggestions should be developed to overcome the difficulties and malfunctions by publishing evaluation reports and the works should be done to implement all of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Increasing environmental problems severely threaten the future of the world. Man-made factors, particularly gaining speed after the Industrial Revolution, have been repressing environmental values. Endangered species, deforestation, changing climate all are linked to man-induced agents. Devastating activities which have been performed by people for their own benefits, in fact, harm themselves. In Cittaslow movement, where environmental values and life quality come to the fore, the relationship between human being and environment is reconsidered and missing values are taken under protection. It can be mentioned that every residential area needs such a movement. However, it is necessary to create a differentaion for environment in community and make people's conscious increase. For such an increase in conscious and differentation, environmental education is of great importance. Versatile environmental education given to community may help us overcome many of those problems. Aims: This study has aimed at revealing the importance of environmental education in Cittaslow movement, which is a step taken to create a more livable world. Data Sources: The information and data used in the study have been collected from various national and international papers, books, websites and governmental agencies' publishings. Results and Discussion: It can be suggested that creating a more livable residential area is mainly related to people living there. A community respecting environmetal values is of significant importance to inherit a more livable world for future generations. That showing not destructive but protective behaviours and being sensitive to all livings, their history, culture and environment is the main focus of Cittaslow movement. The success of Cittaslow movement, which is a life philosophy in terms of activities for a more habitable environment doubtlessly depends on the support by people having environment conscious. For this purpose, an environmental education showing the real reasons behind environmental problems will be able to assist them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays in Balıkesir and around Balıkesir, there are a lot of tombs which are visited in various aims on certain days. There are also some historical knowledge about some toms as Evliya, Dede, Veli and Baba. It is understood that there are some people as Hasan Baba, Ballıca Sultan and Ayak Dedesi who are known with their famous miracles and many legends and rumours. There are relationship between these people with Emir Sultan and Geyikli Baba; it seems they are both students and friends of Geyikli Baba and Emir Sultan in Bursa. In this paper, we aim to reveal beliefs and applications which are applied around Hasan Baba, Ballıca Sultan and Ayak Dedesi who are successor of the velis in Bursa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes towards English courses and achievement level of prospective primary school teachers who may have to teach English in the future and develop recommendations regarding the situation. For this purpose, "The Scale of Attitude towards English" and "Foreign Language Achievement Test" were applied to145 4th grade students of Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Teacher Education to gather the data. The data were analyzed through SPSS 11.5 for windows (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). In conclusion, this study indicates that there is a significant relation between student academic achievement and student attitude towards foreign language and the relation between gender, age, previous preparatory school education and attitude was statistically significant.The paper concludes by highlighting some key factors to consider about English lessons of Faculty of Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statement: Chronic diseases occur congenitally or later in life course by any reason and necessitate continuous care and treatment of the individual. Moreover, chronic diseases affect educational, professional, and social adaptation of the individual negatively. This paper focuses on the number of students whose education is affected negatively because of their chronic diseases and the opinions of educational administrators on the issue. Research Purpose: The purpose of the study is to increase the awareness of educational administrators and teachers about chronic diseases and to develop recommendations in the planning processes of the schools to improve cognitive, affective, and physical environmental conditions of students with chronic diseases by establishing quantitative data on the students diagnosed with chronic diseases who are enrolled in nurseries, primary, and secondary schools. Methods: Current research employs a mixed method where both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Approximately 570 schools located in Tokat province are scanned in the research to gather data regarding chronic diseases. Moreover, the opinions of school principals about chronic diseases are received. The research is kept confined to the expressions of the students who are enrolled to approximately 570 schools and their respective educational officers (school principals and teachers) located in Tokat province. In the research, the data is collected via forms prepared by the researcher and then analyzed by document analysis method. In the analysis phase of the documents, four large cities of Tokat province are evaluated separately. The reason for this is the cities have a size of a province and they are considerably distant from each other in terms of geographical location. Findings/Results: The number of students diagnosed with chronic diseases in all schools including Tokat province Central County is 1,184. Five hundred seventy seven of these students are male and the remaining 607 is female. When the total number of students in Tokat province is considered, 1% of the students are diagnosed with a chronic disease. The type of the chronic disease changes with respect to the counties. All of the school principals who were interviewed indicated that they, the teachers, and the students did not have sufficient information about the chronic diseases; educational employees and students should be educated/trained about chronic diseases; the schools should have healthcare personnel and functional infirmary rooms; parents and students were reluctant to share information about their illness; motivated by this research, they were preparing inventory in their school regarding their students with chronic diseases; and they did not have any decisions taken in their meetings regarding chronic diseases. Recommendations: Workshops can be organized in schools to raise awareness about these diseases. Moreover, spaces to provide first response or to be used by ill students can be built, or already available ones can be functionalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bases of Research: The differences of noun cases in dative, locative and ablative which express location in the literary language of Turkish are different by means of its function and form. These three cases which are only in suffix form in Turkish sometimes form a locational relation and sometimes an adverbial relation for several reasons to the relevant verb. Purpose of the Research: In this paper, the locational cases and the functional changes in the locational cases in the Eastern Black Sea dialects were studied. Resources of Data: References of Eastern Black Sea dialects. Bernt Brendemoen's The Turkish Dialects of Trabzon, Their Phonology and Historical Development Volum II: Texts, Turgut Günay's Rize İli Ağızları, İnceleme-Metinler-Sözlük and Ahmet Caferoğlu's Kuzeydoğu İllerimiz Ağızlarından Toplamalar. Discussion and Conclusion: In contemporary Turkish literary language it is almost obvious which suffix is necessary to be used with the noun which is related to the verb. In general Anatolian dialects are almost parallel to the literary language by means of form and usage of noun cases. But sometimes it differs from literary language. In the classification of Anatolian dialects, the Trabzon and Rize dialects are in the northeast group and these dialects sometimes show discrepancy from the literary language in functions of noun cases. For instance; the suffix of the dative case can also be used as a locative case whereas the suffix of the locative case for the dative and suffix of the locative for the ablative function. In this article, the functional changes in the locational cases in the Eastern Black Sea dialects were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bases of Research: Especially in Europe, epics have an important role in the construction of the nation. Re-written epics are very important in the process of nation needs heroes of society and to creat a hero and the formation of cultural identity. Purpose of Research: In this paper, connection of epics with the nation process and rewriting process of Turkish epics and Ömer Seyfettin's efforts of writing Turkish epic were examined. Resources of Data: Works about Turkish epics and Ömer Seyfettin. Discussion and Conclusion: Omer Seyfettin such as Ziya Gökalp and M. Fuat Köprülü was closely followed in European cultural studies and was considered the Turks also, just like Troy, and Odysseus, as Kalevela need is a national epic, so defended should be written a great Turkish epic and made some attempts in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basics of article: İt is argued that Italican thinker's about schooling ideas. İn Prison Notebooks and Letters of Antonio Gramsci claim that the school is hegemonic. As a Marxist, Gramsci is concerned with the promotion of revolutionary social change, and his works criticized the socio-economic and political status quo. According to Gramsci school is an integral component of any social hegemony. However, paradoxically, Gramsci's prescriptions for curriculum and teaching method are essentially conservative. This paper focuses discrepancy between his revolutionary political and social theory and his conservatism with in the processes of schooling. Purpose of the article:it is point out that Antonio Gramsci's revolutionary politic and social theory by conservative between contradiction. The method of article: By reference from A. Gramsci's works, it is interpreted about his critical ideas of schooling. İt is used hermeneutic method in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]