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The document titled "Acknowledgement of reviewers" is a list of scientists who have reviewed articles for the journal Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology from 2022 to 2023. The list includes scientists from different countries and backgrounds, highlighting the diversity of expertise in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. This document serves as a recognition of their contributions to the journal and their valuable insights in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The article is a welcome message from the journal Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology for the year 2024. It highlights the publication of three Special Collections from conferences supported by the Nordic Association for the Publication of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. The journal also announces the BCPT Young Investigator's Award for 2023 and the establishment of a new virtual Annual Special Collection for young investigators. In addition, the article mentions the appointment of Editor's choice articles and the promotion of content on social media platforms. The revenue generated by the journal is used to support scientific meetings and events in the Nordic countries. The article concludes by expressing gratitude to readers, contributors, reviewers, and the editorial team, and emphasizes the journal's commitment to scientific rigor in publishing original studies. [Extracted from the article]

Information regarding deaths caused by poisoning or adverse effects of medication in Danish persons not using illicit narcotic drugs (PNUIDs) is sparse. To characterize aetiology, demographics, and death scene, we reviewed all legal autopsies performed at Aarhus University from 2017 to 2019 and isolated 96 deaths caused by medications in PNUIDs. Suicides caused by medication overdose accounted for 38%. Opioids and psychotropic medications were the main cause of death in 48% and 35% of the 96 cases, respectively. Morphine, tramadol, and quetiapine were the most commonly involved individual medications. A single medication caused death in 50% of cases, and multiple substances were involved in 50%. The median total number [interquartile range] of detected medications was 5 [4–6], with a higher number in females (5 [4–7]) than males (4 [2–5]), p = 0.009. Median age was 51 [42.5–61.5] years, and 57% were female. Scene of death most frequently involved a body on a bed or couch in the decedent's own home (72%). In conclusion, opioids and psychotropic medications dominated by morphine, tramadol and quetiapine most frequently caused medication‐related deaths in PNUIDs. Monitoring this type of death may yield important knowledge to direct prophylactic initiatives regarding medication use and prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY wishes to thank the following scientists, who have acted as reviewers during 2019-2020 Abad-Santos, Francisco Abdelsalam, Rania Abdi, Sayed Abe, K. Abiri, Ardavan Abraham, Premila Agbor, Gabriel Ahlner, Johan Ahmadimoghaddam, Davoud Akiel, Maaged Ali, Fares Al-Jumaili, Ali Azeez Almarsdottir, Anna Birna Alshogran, Osama Andersen, Charlotte Andersen, Helle Raun Andersen, Ljubica Andersen, Stig Ejdrup Annaert, Pieter Antunes, Marina Venzon Anzenbacher, Pavel Arcangeli, Annarosa Areberg, Johan Arici, M. Aylin Arshad, Rabia Asgharzade, Samira Asprodini, Eftihia Azizi, Vahid Babaoglu, Melih O. Bach Nielsen, Marie Bachmakov, Iouri Bagul, Pankaj K. Bairros, André Banach, Maciej Basto Souza, Ricardo Batabyal, Kunal Batias, Catherine Battal, Dilek Beier, Juliane Bektay, Muhammet Bengtsen, Mads Benitez, Julio Benmaarouf, Daouia Keltoum Bentur, Yedidia Bergman, Peter Bergmann, Troels K. Beutler, John Bezerra da Silva Junior, Geraldo Bhoopathi, Praveen Bistrup, Claus Bjelogrlic, Snezana Bjerrum, Ole Blichfeldt-Eckhardt, Morten Bodilsen, Jacob Bolmsjo, Beata Braicu, Cornelia Breining, Peter Brock, Birgitte Brodersen, Katrine Brogly, Susan Brusselaers, Nele Bräuner-Osborne, Hans Brøsen, Kim Bucher, Hans Buchwald, P. Buerki, Tina Burghle, Alaa Buus, Niels Henrik Caganova, Blazena Canton, M. Capasso, Anna Carstens, Jan Casanova, Emilio Cascorbi, Ingolf Cavusoglu, T. Ceppi, L. Cerda, Alvaro Challa, Siva Reddy Chammas, Roger Chandra, Sourav Chang, Geng-Ruei Chang, Jason J. Chen, Yuancheng Chitty, Kate Chong-Han, Kua Christiansen, Christian Christiansen, Marie Louise Cinar, Suzan Cirronis, Marco Climent, Belen Collin, Lindsay J. Conigrave, Arthur Corrêa, Rubia Cotsarelis, G. Crijns, Ineke Curcic, Marijana da Silva, Eric Dahl, Marja-Liisa Dalhoff, Kim Daly, Ann Damkier, Per Dang, Shi-peng Danser, Jan Das Mandal, Durga Das, Arun Kr. [Extracted from the article]

(B) ECG at Vannes Hospital on day 2 showed third-degree atrioventricular block and curved ST segment depression (heart rate 36 beats/min, QT 426 ms, QTC 336 ms, QRS 118 ms). (C) ECG at Vannes Hospital on day 6 showed second-degree Mobitz type 1 atrioventricular block and curved ST segment depression (heart rate 41 beats/min, QT 386 ms, QTC 322 ms, QRS 90 ms). (D) ECG at Vannes Hospital on day 11 showed first-degree atrioventricular block and curved ST segment depression (heart rate 56 beats/min, QT 367 ms, QTC 355 ms, QRS 75 ms). [Extracted from the article]

Clinical toxicology is not recognized as a clinical speciality in Iran. After the chemical war gas attack by the Iraqi army against the Iranian troops in the 1980s, health professionals and Iranian authorities noticed the importance of this field in clinical medicine. Collaboration between the clinical toxicologists and toxicologists of pharmacy schools resulted in the establishment of the Iranian Society of Toxicology and Poisonings in 1991 and the National Board of Toxicology in 1993. Clinical toxicology fellowship was also formed as a joint collaboration between the toxicology and internal medicine boards in 2010. Medical doctors who specialized in clinical medicine are eligible to take the entrance examination of the fellowship. In spite of the advancement of clinical toxicology and increased number of acute poisonings and drug abuse, undergraduate teaching in this field is still lacking and being taught as part of the forensic medicine curriculum since 1952. There is a lack of an efficient national poison information and control centre (s) in Iran, and no action plan and practical efforts have been done for poisoning prevention. Therefore, the number of drug abuse and acute poisonings has increased over the past four decades and induced cultural, social and health problems. According to Iranian legal medicine organization reports, poisoning is the second‐most occurring cause of unnatural death. The suicidal attempt is the most common method of acute poisoning in adults. Suicidal attempt including self‐poisoning is not accepted in the Islamic point of view, and thus self‐poisoning is mostly neglected and may not be treated appropriately in time in some regions of Iran. Accidental poisoning in children is also common in Iran and estimated to be between 20 000 and 25 000 cases annually over the recent years. In addition, social, cultural and economic problems have induced more health problems such as drug abuse and addiction even in children. Adulterated opium to lead for economic gaining has produced thousands of cases of lead poisoning over the past few years in nearly all opium addicts, which is still a major health problem in Iran. Ban on alcoholic beverages leads some people to make their own home‐made spirits, which is unfortunately contaminated with methanol. Thousands of cases of methanol poisoning and even some epidemics have occurred over the past four decades in some parts of the country. Lack of availability of essential antidotes such as succimer and fomepizole has been a major problem for the effective treatment of poisoned patients. Despite the well‐known fact that cases of poisoning and drug overdose constitute a significant proportion of hospital admissions in some developing countries, clinical toxicology education and medical care of the poisoned patients are lacking. Therefore, policymakers and health authorities should realize the importance of toxicology in clinical medicine. The Iranian Ministry of Health, medical care and Medical Education should implement clinical toxicology courses for medical students; establish effective national poisons information and control centres and advance clinical toxicology services for appropriate management of poisoned patients to improve public health and the overall health policy goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise across the world. Metformin is still considered the "gold standard" and is, therefore, increasingly prescribed. Monitoring of metformin continues to be debated because of its association with lactic acidosis (MALA), a rare but life‐threatening complication. The aim of this study was to identify the main individual characteristics associated with severe poisoning in self‐poisonings and therapeutic accidents reported at the Western France Poison Control Centre (PCC). Methods: Retrospective study of metformin poisoning from September 1999 to September 2016 at the Western France PCC recorded in the French PCC's database (SICAP). The end‐point was clinically high severity (mortality and/or cardiovascular shock and/or GCS ≤ 7/15). Results: Of the 382 cases included, 197 concerned acute accidental exposures, 127 self‐poisonings and 58 therapeutic accidents. MALA concerned 63 patients: 44 therapeutic accidents and 19 self‐poisonings. High severity concerned 59 patients: 47 therapeutic accidents and 12 self‐poisonings. T2D and age > 60 significantly increase the risk of high severity (OR 7.7, CI [1.54‐38.41]; P = 0.013; OR 3.5, CI [1.60‐7.84]; P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Metformin may lead to MALA and severe poisoning in therapeutic accidents but also in self‐poisoning circumstances. Among reported cases, T2D history and age >60 increase the risk of serious poisoning. Monitoring of their treatment should be taken seriously especially in the event of digestive symptoms such as diarrhoea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Olli Kärkkäinen from the University of Eastern Finland has been awarded the BCPT Young Researcher Nordic Prize in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology for 2023. He has made significant contributions to the field of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Dr. Kärkkäinen has a PhD in pharmacology and has been actively involved in teaching and research activities. His main research interest is studying the effects of different exposures on metabolic processes in the body. He has authored numerous scientific articles, book chapters, and is involved in various scientific committees and organizations. Dr. Kärkkäinen is also a co-founder of Afekta Technologies Ltd and has received research grants and holds a patent. [Extracted from the article]

Methanol poisoning kills thousands of people every year and remains a diagnostic challenge, especially where the resources are scarce, but also in high‐income countries worldwide. We are in the course of developing a bedside strip to detect formate – the toxic metabolite of methanol. We hereby present the first clinical methanol case where formate was detected bedside from a drop of blood: The patient, a 61‐year‐old male, was admitted with a suspect methanol poisoning and severe metabolic acidosis. The test strip was positive after 3 minutes. Sodium bicarbonate (500 mmol/L), fomepizole, dialysis and folinic acid were given based on the positive test. The diagnosis was some hours later confirmed by GC‐MS, showing a methanol concentration of 62 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) and a formate concentration of 19 mmol/L. Implementation of this technology into routine clinical use can potentially offer an opportunity for a step change in the management of methanol poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beta‐blocker overdose is potentially harmful due to the strong blood pressure‐lowering and heart rate‐lowering effects. However, conflicting data exist as to their differential toxicity, single‐substance exposures and the effect of co‐exposure with additional antihypertensive medication. For this, a 10‐year retrospective, explorative analysis of the Mainz Poison Center/Germany database with regard to circumstances of beta‐blocker exposure, doses, symptoms and treatment was carried out. Analyses were restricted to adult patients with single‐substance exposures and co‐exposures with one additional antihypertensive substance. Written follow‐up information was obtained in half the cases. A total of 2967 cases were analysed, of which 697 were single‐substance exposures. Metoprolol was most frequently reported followed by bisoprolol, atenolol, propranolol and sotalol. Metoprolol showed a linear dose‐symptom relationship, whereas propranolol and sotalol seemed to have a threshold dose beyond which symptoms aggravated. Symptoms did not differ substantially, except for more seizures being reported with propranolol, and more CNS depression/vomiting with sotalol. Activated charcoal was used in 38%, gastric lavage in 11%, temporary pacemaker in 3%, glucagon in 1%, intubation for respiratory insufficiency and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 1% and 0.5%. All patients recovered. In 174 co‐exposure cases, the distribution of poisoning severity and rate of worsening of symptoms was comparable with single‐substance exposures except one patient deceased after bisoprolol and verapamil co‐exposure. In adults with beta‐blocker overdose, no significant differences in poisoning severity among beta‐blockers were detected, and no fatalities were observed with single‐substance exposures. Co‐exposures with other antihypertensives, sedatives or alcohol should be carefully attended to as fatalities might occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of an 88‐year old woman referred for evaluation of increased INR. Surprisingly supratherapeutic levels of rivaroxaban was detected. Upon scrutiny of the patient's medical history, a drug‐drug interaction between amiodarone and rivaroxaban persisting 3 weeks after cessation of amiodaron remains the prime suspect causing the clinical picture. Both INR and rivaroxaban levels returned to normal within 3 days of cessation of rivaroxaban. The case highlights that rivaroxaban, although highly variably, does affect INR. Furthermore, it highlights that the potential for DDIs involving amiodarone may persists for weeks or months after discontinuation. Amiodarone is predicted to increase rivaroxaban exposure, through inhibition of rivaroxaban elimination via CYP3A4 and P‐gp. Elderly patients and patients with declining renal function are especially at risk of increased rivaroxaban exposure when a DDI with amiodarone occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRAPH Tore Bjerregaard Stage has been awarded the BCPT Young Researcher Nordic Prize for 2022 in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. Both are clinically very important drug-drug interactions that should be taken into account when planning pharmacotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

An author index for Volume 119, Supplement 1, October 2016 issue of the journal "Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology" is presented.

The purpose of the article was to study unintentional pharmaceutical-related poisonings committed by laypersons that were reported to the Toxicological Information Centre in the Czech Republic. Identifying frequency, sources, reasons and consequences of the medication errors in laypersons could help to reduce the overall rate of medication errors. Records of medication error enquiries from 2013 to 2014 were extracted from the electronic database, and the following variables were reviewed: drug class, dosage form, dose, age of the subject, cause of the error, time interval from ingestion to the call, symptoms, prognosis at the time of the call and first aid recommended. Of the calls, 1354 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, central nervous system-affecting drugs (23.6%), respiratory drugs (18.5%) and alimentary drugs (16.2%) were the most common drug classes involved in the medication errors. The highest proportion of the patients was in the youngest age subgroup 0-5 year-old (46%). The reasons for the medication errors involved the leaflet misinterpretation and mistaken dose (53.6%), mixing up medications (19.2%), attempting to reduce pain with repeated doses (6.4%), erroneous routes of administration (2.2%), psychiatric/elderly patients (2.7%), others (9.0%) or unknown (6.9%). A high proportion of children among the patients may be due to the fact that children's dosages for many drugs vary by their weight, and more medications come in a variety of concentrations. Most overdoses could be prevented by safer labelling, proper cap closure systems for liquid products and medication reconciliation by both physicians and pharmacists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication errors ( MEs) are preventable and can result in patient harm and increased expenses in the healthcare system in terms of hospitalization, prolonged hospitalizations and even death. We aimed to develop a screening tool to detect acutely admitted patients at low or high risk of MEs comprised by items found by literature search and the use of theoretical weighting. Predictive variables used for the development of the risk score were found by the literature search. Three retrospective patient populations and one prospective pilot population were used for modelling. The final risk score was evaluated for precision by the use of sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves. The variables used in the final risk score were reduced renal function, the total number of drugs and the risk of individual drugs to cause harm and drug-drug interactions. We found a risk score in the prospective population with an area under the ROC curve of 0.76. The final risk score was found to be quite robust as it showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.87 in a recent patient population, 0.74 in a population of internal medicine and 0.66 in an orthopaedic population. We developed a simple and robust score, MERIS, with the ability to detect patients and divide them according to low and high risk of MEs in a general population admitted at acute admissions unit. The accuracy of the risk score was at least as good as other models reported using multiple regression analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: BCPT prize EN BCPT prize 393 394 2 11/26/21 20211201 NES 211201 GLO:IHR/01dec21:bcpt13666-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl "Photo: Simon Byrial Fischel, AU Health" Associate professor Morten Schmidt (MS) from Aarhus University has been awarded the BCPT Young Researcher Nordic Prize 2021 for his internationally acknowledged research within cardiovascular pharmacoepidemiology that has changed clinical treatment practice for the benefits of thousands of patients. MS has authored numerous pharmacoepidemiological studies on adverse drug effects and drug-drug interactions. [Extracted from the article]

In 1994, he became full Professor in Human Toxicology at Copenhagen University and in 1996, he became full Professor in Clinical Pharmacology at Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. GLO:IHR/01dec21:bcpt13665-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl Professor Henrik Enghusen Poulsen (HEP) has been awarded the BCPT Nordic Prize 2021 in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, the spread of new psychoactive substances has dramatically increased in term of availability of both number of compounds and chemical families. In November 2012, 4,4′-Dimethylaminorex (4,4′- DMAR), a novel synthetic stimulant, was first detected in the Netherlands. Between June 2013 and June 2014, thirty-one deaths associated with the consumption of this new drug have been registered across Europe. In this MiniReview, we have summarized the chemical, pharmacological and toxicological information about this new legal high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anton Pottegård (AP) has been awarded the 2020 and first BCPT Young Researcher Nordic Prize in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. Two themes recur in AP's research: AP has published about 40 papers on drug-cancer association, some of which are included in his doctoral dissertation (defence in 2019). Denmark has never had a clinical pharmaceutical researcher of AP's calibre, and in AP's age group, there is hardly more than a small handful of clinical pharmacists in the world with similar impact. [Extracted from the article]

An author index for the 2013 issue of "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology" is presented.

Intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) is emerging as a novel antidote in clinical toxicology. Its current usage is extending beyond local anaesthetic toxicity into management of severe toxicity from some lipophilic drugs. We present a 51-year-old woman with severe bupropion toxicity whose haemodynamic status transiently improved after IFE. Serum analysis demonstrated an increase in serum concentration of hydroxybupropion, an active metabolite of bupropion, after IFE administration, lending support to one of the proposed mechanisms of IFE. A 51-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with generalised tonic-clonic convulsions lasting approximately 30 sec., and a wide complex rhythm on her ECG that was suggestive of myocardial sodium channel blockade. Despite sodium bicarbonate therapy, the patient developed profound hypotension refractory to high-dose norepinephrine. IFE was administered with haemodynamic improvement over the course of 30 min., followed by a significant decrease in norepinephrine requirement. The patient had an episode of ventricular tachycardia 24 hr after presentation, and received a second infusion of IFE. Analysis of serum for a panel of myocardial sodium channel blocking drugs revealed that significant bupropion ingestion had occurred. Bupropion poisoning may produce life-threatening clinical effects, and IFE may be considered in cases of severe haemodynamic instability. Further studies would be instrumental in determining the optimal clinical situations for utilisation of IFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact factor of BCPT for 2018 is currently 2.452, and on a positive note this is the 4th highest in the history of the journal, but on a less positive note it was the second year in line with a small decline, which is not satisfactory for a journal like BCPT. ManuscriptManager is an excellent manuscript handling system and we want to thank the company and its founder Mr Andy Beare wholeheartedly for an excellent professional collaboration, which lasted for nearly 15 years. November: Abstracts from the 2019 International Conference on Medical, Engineering and Health Science, 22-24 November 2019, Macau, China. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies have had a significant impact on the practice of Medical Toxicology. We review selected articles that have advanced our thinking about consequential issues such as gastrointestinal decontamination, paracetamol poisoning, ethanol withdrawal, cocaine-associated chest pain, carbon monoxide poisoning and over-anticoagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the oxidative damage of biomolecules in livers of mice treated with morphine intraperitoneally. The oxidative damage of DNA as measured by single cell electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrochemical and UV detection, the protein carbonyl content was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, and the malondialdehyde content was measured by the HPLC method. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase were assayed by spectrophotometer method. Glutathione and oxidized glutathione were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer method. All the indexes of oxidative damage, such as 8-OHdG, protein carbonyl group and malondialdehyde content, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase (n=27) increased significantly compared to those of control (n=27) (P<0.01) in livers of morphine-administered alone mice, while the indexes related with thein vivoantioxidative capacity, such as the ratio of glutathione and oxidized glutathione, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased (P<0.01). When mice were treated with morphine combined with exogenous antioxidants, glutathione and ascorbic acid, all the indexes of oxidative damage and the activity of alanine aminotransferase showed no changes as compared to those of control (P>0.05), i.e., both glutathione and ascorbic acid completely abolished the damage of morphine on the hepatocyte. These results implied that morphine caused a seriously oxidative stress in mice livers and hence caused hepatotoxicity, while exogenous antioxidants were able to prevent the oxidative damage of biomolecules and hepatotoxicity caused by morphine. Thus, blocking oxidative damage may be a useful strategy for the development of a new therapy for opiate abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats is unclear but is associated with decreased renal platinum accumulation. This study was designed to determine whether normalization of hyperglycaemia by insulin treatment to six week streptozotocin-diabetic rats reversed protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 3 groups (n=10/group) (1) non-diabetic (2) untreated streptozotocin-diabetic and (3) insulin-treated streptozotocin-diabetic groups were rendered diabetic using streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight, intravenous). At the end of 6 weeks, Group 3 animals were treated with insulin (subcutaneously) for 21 days to normalize glucose. After 21 days of insulin treatment, the mean±S.D. plasma glucose (mg%) in Group 3 animals at 144.8±22.03, was significantly lower than Group 2 animals (412±24.69) and comparable to age-matched non-diabetic (Group 1) animals. Blood urea nitrogen at 24 hr after intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) increased by a factor 2.5 in Group 3 compared to 1.1 and 1.3 in Group 1 and Group 2 animals respectively. In the same animals, at 96 hr the blood area nitrogen increased by a factor of 3.2 and 2.9 in Group 1 and Group 3 respectively compared to 1.14 for Group 2 animals. Renal platinum levels in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 after 96 hr after cisplatin administration were 6.92±0.83, 3.46±0.77&6.20±0.64 (μg/g wet weight of tissue) respectively. Results indicate that 21 day insulin treatment to streptozotocin-diabetic animal reverses protection against cisplatin toxicity. Moreover, insulin treatment increased the susceptibility of streptozotocin-diabetic rats to cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of various oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase phosphorylated by tabun (O-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidate) was tested byin vitroandin vivomethods. The oximes commonly used for the treatment of acute poisonings with highly toxic organophosphates appeared to be almost ineffective (HI-6, pralidoxime, methoxime) or just slightly effective (obidoxime) against tabun. On the other hand, trimedoxime seemed to be a significantly more efficacious reactivator than the others in the case of tabun poisonings.In vitro, the concentration of trimedoxime corresponding to 1.0 mmol/l was able to reach 50% reactivation of tabun-inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase. Higher reactivating potency of trimedoxime in comparison with the other commonly used oximes was demonstrated byin vivomethod, too. In addition, other structural analogues of trimedoxime were found to be efficacious in counteracting tabun-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition although not as efficacious as trimedoxime itself. Some effective acetylcholinesterase reactivators were characterised by dissociation constant of enzyme-reactivator complex as well as enzyme-inhibitor-reactivator complex and by rate constant of reactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 06 May 2021, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology issued Expression of Concern regarding the following article: Article 1: Abstracts. Therefore, because we cannot say with certainty that the conference took place and that the authors of the abstracts were aware that their abstracts have been included in the issue (or gave permission for them to be included), we are issuing an Expressions of Concern. Each organiser of these abstract supplement issues was contacted to request further detail to confirm that the conference had taken place as specified, that authors' permission was sought to use the abstracts, and whether a legitimate abstract selection process was followed. [Extracted from the article]

Therefore, because we cannot say with certainty that the conference took place, and that the authors of the abstracts were aware that their abstracts have been included in the issue (or gave permission for them to be included), we are issuing an Expressions of Concern. On 13 May 2021, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology issued Expression of Concern regarding the following article: Article 1: Abstracts. Each organiser of these abstract supplement issues was contacted to request further detail to confirm that the conference had taken place as specified, that authors' permission was sought to use the abstracts, and whether a legitimate abstract selection process was followed. [Extracted from the article]

The article announces that professor Folke Sjöqvist won the 2013 BCPT Nordic Prize in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.

The article offers information about the June 2019 issue of "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology" including the periodical editors, copyright and aims and scope.

On 28 December 2020 Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology issued Expressions of Concern regarding each of the following articles: Article 1: Abstracts. Each organiser of these abstract supplement issues was contacted to request further detail to confirm that the conference had taken place as specified, that authors' permission was sought to use the abstracts, and whether a legitimate abstract selection process was followed. Therefore, because we cannot say with certainty that the conferences took place, and that the authors of the abstracts were aware that their abstracts have been included in the issues (or gave permission for them to be included), we are issuing Expressions of Concern for these abstract supplement issues. [Extracted from the article]

Heikki Ruskoaho is a recently retired Professor of Pharmacology and Drug Development at the University of Helsinki. His research interests include cardiovascular drugs, natriuretic peptides and the identification of signalling pathways and targets for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction. [Extracted from the article]

Rendel F, Alfredsson CF, Bornehag CG, Sundström BE, Nånberg E. Effects of Di‐isononyl Phthalate on Neuropeptide Y Expression in Differentiating Human Neuronal Cells, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2017, Mar;120(3):318–323 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bcpt.12670). The above article, published online on 13 September 2016 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Kim Brøsen, the Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation into the accuracy of the data acquisition conducted by Karlstad University into the accuracy of the data acquisition, which concluded that manipulation had taken place during tests performed on an ELISA equipment in order to achieve a preferred result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response to Neuvonen et al: Sotalol, unlike the other beta-blockers, increases the QTc interval and risk of torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia in severe poisonings Sotalol, unlike other beta-blockers, indeed has unique characteristics with regard to class III antiarrhythmic effects. Secondly, sotalol toxicity is increased by additional ingestion of QT-prolonging drugs and renal failure. [Extracted from the article]

He has developed several courses for PhD students and professionals, including the popular courses on covariate model building and PKPD modelling in NONMEM. Mats Karlsson has successfully kept a uniquely broad research profile in both development of methodology for analysis of clinical data using non-linear mixed-effects modelling and applied modelling in several therapeutic areas. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information on Volume 119, October 2016, Supplement 1 issue of the journal "Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology" featuring the XXIX Congress of the Spanish Society for Clinical Pharmacology to be held in Barcelona, Spain on October 19-21, 2016.

The article presents a list of the issue's editors and information on membership and subscriptions.

The cover page of the journal "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology" is presented.

Information about the August 2015 issue of the journal "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology" is presented with details including editorial boards, aims and scope, and board of directors.

The article offers information about the issue including the editors and the scope of the journal.

The article presents cover page of the journal "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology," lists members of editorial board of the journal which include Charis Liapi, and offers information on aim & scope of the journal.

An author index for the December 2, 2014 issue of "Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology" is presented.

In this article the author invites applications for the basic clinical pharmacology and toxicology (BCPT) focused Nordic Conference to be held in 2011 and also offers information on the Nordic Prize launched by the journal. As stated, the application for the conference should be submitted in English with a preliminary programme and a preliminary budget before August 1, 2011. The Nordic prize is stated to be given to an eminent scientist in the fields of basic and clinical pharmacology.

Investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the age-related expression of cytochrome (CYP)EA4 and CYP3A7 genes. Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine mRNA levels of both genes in primary human hepatocytes; Treatment of human hepatocytes with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); Induction of CYP34A activity by DMSO in human hepatocytes.