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The apps for drawing are present in our children's life. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of mobile technology on the freehand drawing educational activity. There are few works which are contextualised within short periods of time, with teachers who are not theirs and, in some cases, outside the children's classroom. In this paper, we are focussed on the use of technology on freehand drawing activity. Thus, we have compared the graphics produced by 4- and 5-year-old children with paper&crayon in comparison with those with tablet-finger. Children made the drawings during a planned free-drawing activity, in their ordinary classrooms, with their teachers and during five sessions. Assessment of drawings has evidenced tablet feasibility for making graphics. Nevertheless, with the passing of time, quality of graphics (tablet-finger vs paper&crayons), are nearly matched, demonstrating the low impact level technology has on this activity. In addition, if drawings are analysed specifically according to ages, results have shown that both groups have to develop adaptation strategies of visual perceptual skills and fine motor skills for the touch screen in order to obtain the same quality in the drawings made on both support types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to explore the potentialities of an end-user personalisation platform in industrial settings. In such a context, stakeholders with different roles and competencies collaborate to manage and control an environment where legacy machines coexist and interact with newer ones. Our goal is to provide a rule-based tool that allows end-users to build personalised solutions to respond quickly to the dynamic needs of factories. We report on a case study in the paper factory domain, in which the industrial aspects identified with expert stakeholders through interviews have been simulated and addressed through an extension of a personalisation platform. A first user test of the resulting environment has been carried out with a representative set of users, and has provided useful and encouraging feedback in terms of the potentialities of the proposed approach in industrial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workload is an important explanatory variable in human–computer interaction and commonly measured with the Task Load Index (TLX). Thus, it is important to understand the qualities of TLX and its relations to other variables. By reviewing 384 papers that apply TLX, this study analyzes how differences in TLX and its six subscales are associated with one another and with differences in performance, user experience, and situational characteristics. Six findings stand out. First, the TLX subscales measure associated, but somewhat independent, dimensions of workload. Second, people compensate for demanding conditions by putting in more effort and, as a result, sometimes avoid a drop in performance. Third, differences in workload are associated with differences in error rate, task completion time, and user experience but the strength of association is merely slight to fair. Fourth, differences in opposite directions between workload and either error rate, task completion time, or user experience are few but occur for all TLX subscales. Fifth, differences in workload dimensions are more often associated with differences in tasks and contexts than users and systems. Sixth, the TLX subscales – not just the composite TLX score – are widely used for testing cross-system differences in workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart bracelet that reacts to a person's heartbeat. A smart bench that invites passers-by to sit close. These and others are smart things, part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and people's lives. However, people are mainly IoT consumers and rarely given the possibility of becoming IoT creators. This paper presents a case study concerning the design of smart things for outdoor environments, with end users as the main creators. Ideas of smart things were collaboratively conceptualised by child end-users with a card-based board game. Their ideas were taken up in the form of inspiration cards within a bachelor's first-year course, by students coming from different high schools. Students started from children's ideas as inspiration triggers and collaboratively evolved some of them into interactive smart-thing prototypes. The paper concludes by reflecting on its results and drawing lessons for future editions of cross-generational workshops related to IoT design with end users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in technologies (e.g. smartphones, wearables) have resulted in the concept of 'self-tracking', and the use of self-tracking technologies in physical activity (i.e. fitness tracking) is on the rise. For example, many people track and monitor their fitness-related metrics (e.g. steps walked, distance ran, and calories burned) to change their behaviours or keep themselves active. Despite the widespread application of self-tracking in fitness, relatively little is known about its drivers and outcomes. To address this gap, the current paper provides an overview of the literature (empirical papers) on self-tracking with a focus on the drivers and outcomes of fitness tracking behaviour and offers four important contributions. First, it identifies 19 drivers of fitness tracking technology usage. Second, it discusses four main outcomes of fitness tracking behaviour. Third, by drawing on the existing studies conducted across various fitness tracking technologies (e.g. fitness trackers, apps) and user groups (e.g. patients, seniors, and females), it provides valuable insights that can be generalisable to other settings (e.g. other types of users and fitness tracking products). Finally, the current paper provides important practical implications and addresses avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agent-based training systems can enhance people's social skills. The effective development of these systems needs a comprehensive architecture that outlines their components and relationships. Such an architecture can pinpoint improvement areas and future outlooks. This paper presents ARTES: a general architecture illustrating how components of agent-based social training systems work together. We studied existing systems and architectures for training and tutoring to design ARTES and identify its essential components and interaction characteristics. ARTES comprises two core components: the agent simulation of social situations, and educational elements to provide guided learning. We link ARTES's crucial components to four primary learning theories (behaviourism, cognitivism, social cognitive theory, and constructivism) to illustrate the role of agent simulation and tutoring elements in establishing desired learning outcomes. Furthermore, we map ARTES's components against eight architectures, 43 systems and three tools to indicate the components' relevance, completeness, generalisation, and deployment potential across contexts. In addition to ARTES, the paper also contributes by identifying future improvements and research directions, such as the agent's thinking, tutoring methods, knowledge transfer, and ethical implications. We believe ARTES can help bridge the gap between virtual human simulations and impactful educational learning, offering training system developers desirable features like understandability and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education in solving real-world problems is challenging. To tackle this challenge, a project-based learning approach that integrates robots with cost-effective self-made toys to problem-solving was adopted to assist rural primary school students to apply STEM skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the project-based learning approach which includes lecturing and hands-on activities on primary school students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes. An experiment was conducted with 25 primary school students who voluntarily participated in a STEM summer-camp programme. Students were asked to assemble a paper house equipped with an IoT control module and LED light switches, and write and edit robot scripts to produce a robot-based storytelling narrative using the paper house they made as a context. The results show that the project-based learning approach was an effective approach for cultivating primary school students' STEM knowledge and skills as evidenced from the post-written test. The relationships between the students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes were also confirmed by a clustering analysis. Students who had higher learning attitudes also achieved higher STEM learning outcomes; the findings are also supported by the feedback from the open-ended questionnaire items. This study suggests that integrating low-cost self-made toys and robots in project-based learning activities is an effective and practical approach to enhance primary school students' learning outcomes and learning attitudes in STEM education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems designed with persuasive software features can influence users to adopt attitudes and/or behaviours that contribute to better health outcomes. Studies on Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) interventions have shown how they can be used to support lifestyle changes. Meta-analytic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to appraise, summarise, and show their effects on health. To this end, we investigated the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHI) designed for CHD and examined the impact of persuasive features in the DHIs. We performed a systematic search using three academic databases for scientific papers on CHD and digital interventions from 2010 to 2020, yielding 1556 papers. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 12 RCTs after screening. Our findings show that digital health interventions had an impact on diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, glucose, triglyceride, heart rate, and depression but not body mass index. We present effective interventions and insights into persuasive software features that were associated with effective DHIs. More research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of persuasive features in other contexts and other factors that can impact the effectiveness of DHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilising User Generated Content (UGC) on social media platforms like TikTok and Facebook can establish genuine connections between content creators and their audience. However, managing and maintaining long-term brand development remains a significant challenge. Research on the mechanisms behind sustainable brand support attitudes towards UGC is limited. This paper explores whether a self-deprecating style of humour affects audiences’ sustained brand support attitudes towards social media content creators. Theoretically, this study combines Affective Events Theory (AET) and Intergroup Emotion Theory (IET) to explore how individual attitudes extend to group reactions and the sustainability of personal brands. It aims to thoroughly investigate, in the context of social media, the cognitive and emotional changes in individuals towards themselves and their groups under the stimulus of UGC self-deprecating humour, as well as the process of forming sustainable brand support attitudes. Methodologically, this study employs a covariance-based structural equation model to establish the path mechanism of self-deprecating humour expression on sustainable brand support attitudes at both individual psychology and group attitude levels. Additionally, it analyzes the limitations of self-deprecating humour in UGC, considering users with varying levels of need for cognition. Lastly, the paper discusses the theoretical contributions and practical implications of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalisation, which tailors to individual preferences, is considered a possible route for improving engagement with digital mental health (DMH) products. Despite claims about the presence and importance of personalised features, evidence about their extent and impact is limited. The study objective was to review evidence from published research to investigate and characterise the contribution of personalisation to engagement and effectiveness.Research papers were retrieved using keywords, with 139 papers being fully examined and 61 meeting our eligibility criteria. Most of the eligible articles reviewing DMH systems have weak to intermediate forms of personalisation (45). Only nine were coded as having strong, adaptive personalisation. Of the 40 articles which evaluated the personalisation effectiveness, 28 were qualitative indicating user preference for personalised features. The 16 controlled, quantitative designs lacked a non-personalised intervention, making it difficult to determine the added value. Effect sizes calculated from available data showed minimal differences in effectiveness compared to non-personalised apps.Our review indicates mixed evidence of personalisation’s performance in DMH interventions. Generally, there is a lack of good quality evidence to isolate specific contributions of personalisation. Opportunities were identified for improved evaluation, however caution is required when implementing more sophisticated methods of DMH personalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advances in educational technology enabled the development of solutions that collect and analyse data from learning scenarios to inform the decision-making processes. Research fields like Learning Analytics (LA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) aim at supporting teaching and learning by using such solutions. However, their adoption in authentic settings is still limited, among other reasons, derived from ignoring the stakeholders' needs, a lack of pedagogical contextualisation, and a low trust in new technologies. Thus, the research fields of Human-Centered LA (HCLA) and Human-Centered AI (HCAI) recently emerged, aiming to understand the active involvement of stakeholders in the creation of such proposals. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 47 empirical research studies on the topic. The results show that more than two-thirds of the papers involve stakeholders in the design of the solutions, while fewer papers involved them during the ideation and prototyping, and the majority do not report any evaluation. Interestingly, while multiple techniques were used to collect data (mainly interviews, focus groups and workshops), few papers explicitly mentioned the adoption of existing HC design guidelines. Further evidence is needed to show the real impact of HCLA/HCAI approaches (e.g., in terms of user satisfaction and adoption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computation-based aesthetics metrics have been developed to help designers predict visual aesthetics scores for GUI design. However, designers find these evaluative scores difficult to understand. This paper proposed an interpretable aesthetics metric for GUI design that integrates visual aesthetics (visual similarity and spatial proximity) and GUI structure (semantic similarity and white space) to model visual grouping distribution. Two experiments were conducted to validate the metric’s ability to predict aesthetics and interpret outputs. Experiment 1 showed that our metric had a stronger correlation with users’ impressions of GUI visual aesthetics than past metrics. Experiment 2 suggested that our metric was easier to interpret and appeared more useful to Visual/Graphic/GUI designers than a conventional score-based alternative, by visualising the metric outputs as an experimental tool. Furthermore, this paper provided five potential insights to further advance computational aesthetics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Game-based interventions have been gradually and successfully implemented in the mental health domain given the games' ability to positively affect a variety of mental health conditions. To this aim, scholars have recently discovered the usefulness of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) video games, due to their increasing popularity, availability, and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, key aspects of this line of research have not emerged yet, since a comprehensive overview of how commercial video games impact on different mental disorders is still missing. In this article, we present a systematic literature review of recent research that focuses on the usage of commercial video games in mental health. We analyse 39 papers and map the relevant themes that are recurrent in the last ten years of research, offering a detailed understanding of the methodological approaches that were used, the results obtained, the main disorders addressed, and the video game genres exploited. On the basis of these findings, we highlight open issues in current work and point out a variety of research opportunities that could be tackled in future years, like the need of conducting more field and longitudinal studies, the necessity of developing the design knowledge, and the possibility of connecting research with clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the use of multiple platforms is tied to awareness of algorithms. It builds on the premise that users interact with ecologies or environments of technologies rather than single platforms. The study also supplements work on algorithmic awareness by implementing a mixed-method study to account for how Costa Rican users of Netflix and Spotify understood and related to the algorithms of these platforms. This study combined a survey of 258 participants and 21 in-depth semistructured interviews. Findings demonstrate that multi-platform users were more aware of algorithms and carried out more practical actions to obtain algorithmic recommendations than single-platform users. Although user type did not predict participants' attitudes towards algorithmic recommendations, higher levels of awareness were associated with more positive attitudes towards algorithms. The study also shows that differences in levels of awareness explained users' emotional arousal derived from algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of social media platforms has changed human communication once and forever and consequently, has triggered an array of emotions such as fear of missing out (FoMO). In two different studies, this paper investigated individual differences, psychological and social media motivational variables as predictors of FoMO. The paper also sought to test whether FoMO will have a negative impact on academic performance above and beyond social media engagement and social media addiction. Using a structural equation modelling (SEM) along with multiple mediation analysis, the results indicated that perceived excessive social media content generation, attention seeking, and personality variables significantly predicted FoMO controlling for individual differences and social media activity such as Instagram followers, Twitter followers, as well as WhatsApp engagement level. Furthermore, the biological sex of the individual was found to moderate the relationship between attention seeking and FoMO. Findings also indicated that FoMO had a positive impact on both social media engagement and social media addiction. Parallel mediation analysis revealed that FoMO had a negative effect on academic performance above and beyond social media addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The duality of cyberloafing is a topic that has always been debated. Considering this, the purpose of this paper is to classify cyberloafing and explore the antecedents of different degrees of cyberloafing and their different effects on job satisfaction. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework and the conservation of resources theory, this paper proposes a research model to investigate the mediation mechanism of cyberloafing. Using the partial least square method (PLS) SEM method to analyze 294 employees’ data, the results show that: (1) Work-related enterprise social media usage only negatively affects serious cyberloafing, while social-related enterprise social media usage only positively affects minor cyberloafing. (2) The impact of perceived IT control policy on minor cyberloafing was not statistically significant, while negatively affected serious cyberloafing. In terms of environment factors, the study shows that prescriptive norms and work overload have opposite effects on cyberloafing, with work overload having no significant effect on minor cyberloafing. Significantly, policy satisfaction plays a significant moderating role between environment factors and cyberloafing. (3) Minor cyberloafing positively affects job satisfaction, while serious cyberloafing negatively affects job satisfaction. Our findings provide instrumental insights into how enterprise managers manage employees to improve employees’ job satisfaction, control different degrees of cyberloafing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test anxiety involves feelings of discomfort, fear and worry, impacting students’ wellbeing and academic performance. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) shows promise in mitigating test anxiety, but existing applications concern only written exams. Few VRE applications simulate one-on-one interviews with examiners, and applications for public speaking focus on formal presentations before an audience. This paper concerns a trial of a VRE application that deals with oral exams, presenting a qualitative study of a sample of undergraduate students who autonomously used the VRE application in their homes over three weeks. The application exposes students to scenarios in which a virtual examiner displays friendly, partially friendly, or unfriendly behaviour while asking questions selected from a pool defined by the student. Participants were interviewed to investigate their perceptions of and experience with the application. Thematic analysis of participants’ interviews indicates that they perceived the VRE application as valuable not only for studying and practicing oral exams but also for handling emotional aspects associated with the exam. Moreover, the application helped to increase confidence and awareness of preparation level among some participants. Finally, the paper describes participants’ suggestions emerged from the study that can be used to inform the design of this type of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion detection and Sentiment analysis techniques are used to understand polarity or emotions expressed by people in many cases, especially during interactive systems use. Recognizing users' emotions is an important topic for human–computer interaction. Computers that recognize emotions would provide more natural interactions. Also, emotion detection helps design human-centred systems that provide adaptable behaviour change interventions based on users' emotions. The growing capability of machine learning to analyze big data and extract emotions therein has led to a surge in research in this domain. With this increased attention, it becomes essential to investigate this research area and provide a comprehensive review of the current state. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of 123 papers on machine learning-based emotion detection to investigate research trends along many themes, including machine learning approaches, application domain, data, evaluation, and outcome. The results demonstrate: 1) increasing interest in this domain, 2) supervised machine learning (namely, SVM and Naïve Bayes) are the most popular algorithms, 3) Text datasets in the English language are the most common data source, and 4) most research use Accuracy to evaluate performance. Based on the findings, we suggest future directions and recommendations for developing human-centred systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

QR codes provide potential opportunities to improve interaction in different areas of application. Even so, this technology has been utilised in punctual and specific standalone applications, being barely applied to broader contexts, such as the educational one, where different scenarios can be considered to take advantage of the same QR-code approach. In this paper, key issues for the development of applications that utilise QR codes to improve sharing and availability of resources are presented, specifically focusing on improving interaction and acceptance. In this way, a holistic approach has been developed where the system is aimed at improving the interaction between educators and students. On the one hand, educators use a web interface to manage educational resources and announcements and automatically generate QR codes. On the other hand, students scan those QR codes using a mobile device, obtaining updated information related to their lectures. This scenario has been evaluated by educators and students, obtaining good results in terms of acceptance, cognitive burden, and overall usability. The approach provides development clues and the evaluation method that can be applied to different contexts, thus representing a generalisable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location-based activities can challenge citizens to explore their neighbourhood in new playful ways. This paper presents a classification of such playful activities based on the literature and experience gained (1) in co-creation sessions and (2) gameplay for neighbourhood exploration with citizens in the Hague. The location-based game designed for this purpose encouraged neighbourhood exploration and social interaction that went beyond the everyday normal. Results showed that citizens are specifically interested in activities that allow them to discover new information about, and places in, their neighbourhood when these are related to their own life. The results of this paper provide new knowledge on game design to inform designers on which type of interactions and activities foster neighbourhood exploration and social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote test settings have become more common due to COVID-19. This paper presents two user tests focusing on the usability and user experience of an augmented reality-related solution. We describe the proceeding of the tests from the perspective of what has been conducted face-to-face and remotely. Thereafter, the appropriateness of the used test methodology is evaluated based on (i) the acquired results, (ii) the ease of using and understanding the methods and (iii) the test atmosphere. The physical presence of a person providing technical support to the test participant proved vital for augmented reality-related testing; the location of other test organisers appears more indifferent. Finally, we present the perspectives to contemplate when choosing between face-to-face and remote features in the test setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye-tracking research is beneficial for better understanding user behaviour in search engines. The present paper presents a comprehensive narrative literature review of eye-tracking studies examining factors influencing users' viewing behaviour on results pages of search engines. Discipline-specific databases from Psychology, Computer Science, and Library and Information Science, as well as one multidisciplinary database have been searched for relevant articles. Criteria for inclusion were that a paper reported empirical results from an eye-tracking study in which effects of a specific factor on users' viewing behaviour on search engine results pages (SERPs) were examined, with inferential statistical results being reported. This led to a set of 41 papers that were further examined. The papers were grouped into three categories according to three types of factors that may affect individuals' web search activities: contextual factors, resource factors, and individual factors. Papers were assigned to these categories and subsequently to sub-categories. Overall, while for some sub-categories robust findings can be reported, we found results in many sub-categories to be inconclusive. For future research, we recommend a shift from small-scale studies examining single factors to more comprehensive and theory-driven research using larger sample sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) training offers the capability to industrial workers to acquire skills and address complex tasks by immersing them in a safe and controlled virtual environment. Immersive VR (IVR) training is adopted in many diverse settings, yet little systematic work currently exists on how researchers have applied it for industrial skills training and if it holds the potential to be applied remotely. In this review, 78 representative studies were analysed to answer three key questions: Is IVR an effective training method for industrial skills training? How is research in this field applied? And how can we make IVR training more effective and applicable for remote training? We can testify that IVR is a promising training method with high effectiveness scores. However, our analysis has uncovered several gaps in the application of IVR training, like the lack of learning theories in the design process and limited metrics beyond time and scores. Additionally, our review also exposed unexplored but intriguing avenues of research, like the utilisation of biosensors for users' data collection, haptics that increases realism and applications with remote training potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity's importance to organisations and businesses is now recognised to be a precondition for both design and innovation. One strategy is to introduce new forms of information system that support human creative thinking by their employees. Most successful uses have been in professional disciplines in the creative industries such as design and theatre. This paper reports the design and evaluation of a new information system that was researched and developed to support human creativity in a non-creative industry – health-and-safety in a manufacturing plant. An established risk detection and resolution process in one plant was extended with the new system to support plant employees to think creatively about resolutions to health-and-safety risks. The new system was used in a manufacturing plant for over 3 months. Results revealed that a subset of the risk resolutions generated with the new system were more creative and more complete than risk resolutions generated without the system in a corresponding period. However, the employees needed more time than was available to generate more complete risk resolutions. The evaluation results led to coordinated changes to both the information system and work practices associated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Interaction design has been consolidated as a practice with potential to support interactive systems projects. Most interaction design solutions (methods, techniques, and tools) have been created to be used in environments with co-located participants. However, the number of software projects that are developed in environments with geographically distributed stakeholders has increased. Despite some research efforts, little is known about how the scientific literature has addressed interaction design in distributed software development (DSD). Objective: To provide an overview of studies that have been conducted on interaction design in DSD. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted to identify, synthesise and analyse papers related to interaction design in DSD, and 32 papers were included and classified in relation to the research type and research topic. Results: Through the analysis of the included papers, this paper provides an overview of existing interaction design studies in the context of DSD. This paper presents an analysis of the main characteristics of interaction design in DSD, such as the level of dispersion of stakeholders, the solutions adopted (approaches, methods, techniques, tools), the involvement of end users, and the performance of designers and HCI specialists. We have identified gaps and a taxonomy of six research topics. The findings of this study also allowed us to propose an agenda for future research on distributed interaction design. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of interaction design at the frontier of research between HCI and DSD by (i) providing an overview of research efforts on interaction design in DSD, (ii) presenting an overview of how interaction design has been conducted in DSD projects, and (iii) identifying research gaps and discuss future research directions emerged from the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-guided synthesis of images has become enormously popular and online communities dedicated to text-to-image generation and art generated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) have emerged. While deep generative models can synthesise high-quality images and artworks from simple descriptive text prompts, practitioners of text-to-image generation typically seek to control the generative model’s output by adding short key phrases (‘modifiers’) to the prompt. This paper identifies six types of prompt modifiers used by practitioners in the online text-to-image community based on a 3-month ethnographic study. The novel taxonomy of prompt modifiers provides researchers a conceptual starting point for investigating the practice of text-to-image generation, but may also help practitioners of AI generated art improve their images. We further outline how prompt modifiers are applied in the practice of ‘prompt engineering.’ and discuss research opportunities of this novel creative practice in the field of Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). The paper concludes with a discussion of broader implications of prompt engineering from the perspective of Human-AI Interaction (HAI) in future applications beyond the use case of text-to-image generation and AI generated art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the stress coping theory, the present paper aims to investigate the influence of users’ networking ability and profile control ability in mitigating the negativity of social media overload. This paper argues that in the social media context, instead of discontinuance, users tend to develop comprehensive strategies and practices to manage their social media usage. Via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study, five practices were identified, including continuous usage, reduced usage, setting adjustment, support seeking, and information avoidance. The results show that social media overload leads to both the perception of emotional exhaustion and disturbance handling while networking and profile control ability make users focus on disturbance handling. Besides, networking ability is found to weaken the relationship between social media overload and emotional exhaustion while profile control ability exaggerates that relationship. Finally, emotional exhaustion and disturbance handling both predict users’ different social media management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, new technologies are taking place for enabling conversational interactions between users and bots. Creating conversational interfaces (CI) paves the way for new design challenges. Designers need to use appropriate design specifications for creating a logically sound dialogue endowed with proper visual cues in the case of chatbots that captures the entire user experience. To do it they need the help of domain experts. Experts in mobility, environment, energy, e-health, weather, etc., are the only ones who well-know the specific domain in which the bot will act. Current tools used to design interactive flows of dialogue entail deep programming skills their users need to know. Starting from this consideration, the paper proposes a design environment that offers experts the possibility to design a flow of dialogue without getting lost in technicalities. By using visual language, the expert can specify intents, actions, entities and parameters at the base of the flow of dialogue on which the bot will be created. Then, our engine automatically translates into a bot compliant with the Google DialogFlow technology. Finally, the paper present a preliminary analysis of the system carried out to test its features and how these are reflected in its ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs a risk reduction model based on signalling theory to investigate how the platform- and user-oriented signals affect perceived risks, which in turn affect users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours in social commerce. The moderating effects of perceived effectiveness of social commerce institutional mechanisms (PESIM) on the relationships between signals and perceived risks are also considered. Longitudinal data from 226 users of Xiaohongshu were collected to test the proposed hypotheses. We identify signals oriented from platforms and users significantly influence users' perceptions of commerce and participation risks. We also demonstrate that commerce and participation risks influence users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours, respectively. Furthermore, we also verify that PESIM negatively moderates the relationship between signals and perceived risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Office well-being aims to explore and support a healthy, balanced and active work style in office environments. Recent work on tangible user interfaces has started to explore the role of physical, tangible interfaces as active interventions to explore how to tackle problems such as inactive work and lifestyles, and increasingly sedentary behaviours. We identify a fragmented research landscape on tangible Office well-being interventions, missing the relationship between interventions, data, design strategies, and outcomes, and behaviour change techniques. Based on the analysis of 40 papers, we identify 7 classifications in tangible Office well-being interventions and analyse the intervention based on their role and foundation in behaviour change. Based on the analysis, we present design considerations for the development of future tangible Office well-being design interventions and present an overview of the current field and future research into tangible Office well-being interventions to design for a healthier and active office environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brain–computer interface (BCI) bridges brain and computer activities through the computer engineering technique of capturing and analysing a person's biological and neurological response signals. This article reviews 37 empirical studies published in the past five years regarding the application of BCIs in mainstream education contexts for students' learning regulation. The characteristics of the research methodology, technologies, targeted application scenarios and main outcomes of the reviewed studies are presented in detail and summarised. The results show that most of the research in this area has concentrated on the effects of neurofeedback on the learning regulation process, optimising data-processing algorithms, developing criteria, and designing BCI-based instructional environments. Neurofeedback- and biofeedback-based BCI approaches can help to monitor learning states and have positive effects on learning regulation. The paper also discusses the future development of BCIs as an effective technique for learning analysis and regulation, and it proposes a prototype of neurofeedback- and biofeedback-based BCI learning regulation systems and their application scenarios. By highlighting the current applications and possible future trends of the use of BCIs in mainstream education and identifying the challenges involved, this review can guide the development of smart education in the age of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent surge in the usage of e-cigarettes amongst youth has highlighted a long-standing societal crisis. To assist public health agencies in policymaking, past research often employed traditional survey-based methods to understand youth behavior, which suffer from response biases and scalability, are time-consuming, and their findings often lag the fast-changing public behavior. Our study fills this gap by using social media as a complementary data source to understand user intentions for vape usage at a large scale, thus, providing an alternative to traditional survey-based methods. In this paper, we propose a novel user intent mining framework under the guidance of social cognitive theory for health behavioral interventions that helps study user intentions across different social media platforms. We then employ this framework to investigate the feasibility of automated intent mining on social media by formulating a multi-class classification task, employing machine learning algorithms to classify a social media message across relevant intent classes: Accusational, Anecdotal, Informational, Justificational and Promotional. The analyses indicate that Accusational tweets and Anecdotal messages were most prevalent on X/Twitter and Reddit respectively. We further provide novel insights on the conversational context using topic modeling analysis and psychometric analysis consequently, informing intervention designs and assisting health analysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies and social networks have modified the habits of their users, affecting their health and well-being. An exponent of these affectations of daily life is the phenomenon of vamping, this is the habit in which people use their mobile or computer during the night and early morning, with the consequence of symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, and mood swings in those who practice it. In this paper, we propose a scale to assess the tendency to vamping in adults, for its validation in the Argentine context. With a sample of 1004 cases, whose mean age was 44.29 years (SD = 11.73) and a mean age of 18–65 years, with 51.89% (n = 521) being women and 48.11% men (n = 483). The scale showed an adequate consistency for 11 items and two dimensions. The first dimension is nocturnal habits, that is, the tendency to stay up late to surf the Internet and social networks, and the second dimension is behavioural commitment, that is, the affectation and daytime correlate caused by changes in sleep pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aiming to present two studies investigating attitudes of older people towards different technologies to break their social isolation and investigating the impacts of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) on physical and mental dimensions. The first study, based on focus groups conducted with 23 older people (aged from 65 to 93 years-old) allowed to collect attitudes and opinions of older people about different technologies to help them to break social isolation. The second study, based on an experiment conducted with 42 older people (aged from 63 to 85 years-old) allowed to investigate the impact of a specific Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) on physical and mental dimensions. The first study confirm that Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) can be a relevant digital tool for elderly people according to them, i.e. a digital tool perceived as useful, usable and acceptable. The second study demonstrates that use of a specific Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) system can reduce the perception of social isolation and can have positive impacts on physical dimensions such as the weight and the waist circumference. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a task is repeated, it becomes part of procedural memory. This type of memory dedicated to movement is called 'muscle memory', which allows one to perform actions unconsciously. Within the context of social media, muscle memory builds up if one uses SM applications frequently. In this paper, we investigate the effects of muscle memory within Instagram, and report the following findings: We designed a user study examining the speed and accuracy of using a newly changed interface which showed slower reaction time and more errors. Combining these results with users' perceived feelings lead us to conclude that in specific UX interface changes muscle memory can be applied as a dark pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of information we consume daily through smartphones has prompted the development of Personal Knowledge Management Systems (PKMS). However, these external memory aids can lead to overreliance and do not help to keep information in our organic memory. This paper presents the design and evaluation of MemoryMate, an app that fosters recall of saved content through interactive notifications. The app's design is based on insights from a focus group (N = 7) that inquired about people's expectations and preferences regarding the notification design. The results of a three-week in-the-wild study (N = 23) of MemoryMate suggest that notifications could trigger engagement with saved content, and two-thirds of participants felt notifications improved their memory and retention. Retrieval practice notifications with interactive tasks performed well and received positive feedback. Content priority and time since the last interaction influenced notification engagement, emphasising the need for periodic reminders to maintain user interest in saved content. We discuss potential implications for the design of PKMSs as a tool for lifelong learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-demand work applications (ODWAs), a type of digital platforms (DPs), are technology-enabled intermediaries for gig workers. In this paper, we study these platforms and their impact on women belonging to the low socio-economic section in a developing economy. These women act as primary unpaid workers while being expected to make an economic contribution. Hence, they suffer from time scarcity where they need to find mechanisms to generate economic success from the limited time they have, in a largely informal economy. We employed the theoretical lens of affordances to delineate the affordances that are provided by the various features of ODWAs and their impact on life satisfaction of women. We conducted a mixed method study using interviews of 20 female gig workers, supplemented by a survey of 927 workers on one of the largest ODWAs in India. Our analysis points to the sense of identity and individuality that these platforms provide as well as lowering the market boundaries for greater inclusion. Our research is significant from both, the information systems and inclusion research perspectives, as it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the impact of DPs on breaking societal structures and providing avenues to marginalised sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of globalisation has led to the growing use of global virtual teams (GVT) for software development. The use of such teams enables organisations to operate across national, economic and social, and cultural boundaries; this new form of teamwork presents challenges for traditional coordination mechanisms. Hence, a range of new operational problems for the coordination of software development teams have emerged due to the nature of virtual work: these are related to issues of geographical distance, language differences, time zone(s) differences, cultural differences, and trust. This paper applies a theoretical model drawn from prior research to explore the coordination mechanisms employed by a global virtual software development team in a major multi-national telecommunications organisation. The study analyses the impact that the aforementioned issues have on the effectiveness of project team coordination mechanisms and then develops a refined conceptual model to guide future research on global virtual software development teams. The findings also inform practice on the problems encountered in ensuring the effective coordination of such teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facebook community leaders play a significant role in creating and maintaining social environments, and they characteristically exhibit several qualities and skills, such as the ability to generate involvement in the groups. However, their identities and motivations have yet to be investigated in depth. Using the theoretical framework of the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), this paper addresses this gap by exploring the motivations of leaders to lead a Facebook online group. Leaders of online parents groups were surveyed for this study. A survey was administered electronically to 160 Facebook community leaders to gather data on the relationship between the community leaders' motivation and the following variables: personality traits (narcissism, altruism, grit), sense of community (immersion, sense of belonging, influence), management features, and demographics. A hierarchical regression indicates that higher narcissism, self-control, immersion, and lower consistency of interest (grit factor) can explain Facebook community leaders' motivations to lead online groups of parents. The results are discussed in the context of the leaders' influential role in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive technologies have allowed people with disabilities to perform daily tasks with greater independence and autonomy, especially for visually impaired people. Using smart home solutions allows these users to control their homes with less cognitive and physical demand. However, making such applications accessible to meet the needs of visually impaired users, especially in developing countries, remains a challenge. This paper investigates the perceptions of these users about home automation technologies through semi-structured interviews. A total of 20 visually impaired people participated in the interviews. A thematic analysis revealed results concerning the following themes: (1) how people go about their lives at home and around, how people interact with current appliances, objects and environments, (3) how people perceive their attitude to technologies, (4) the Brazilian context of smart homes, (5) what people think smart homes should do and (6) envisaging ways of interacting with smart home systems. The results obtained provide significant insight into the needs of visually-impaired people in Brazil, with analysis of issues that are common with previous studies in more developed countries and specific issues that have important particularities and implications in Brazil and other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines creators' contributions and the incentive effects of users' feedback, including upvoting, sharing, commenting, following, viewing comments, and clicking on the creators' homepage. We build a negative binomial and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model using data from a Chinese music streaming company NetEase Cloud Music. Results show that creators' number of content contributions is positively affected by the number of users' commenting, viewing comments, sharing, and clicking on homepage behaviors. On the other hand, users' upvotes and sharing behaviors can significantly influence the quality of content published by creators. Moreover, we find that the intensity level of creators has moderate effects on such influence. These findings help the researchers better understand creators' behaviors and community managers to build user-generated content (UGC) communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of social media in people's lives, the tendency to donate through social media platforms has increased tremendously. The positive attitudes of social media users towards online charity initiatives, such as ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, are also gaining traction. Therefore, it is of great value for the charitable organizations to identify the motivational factors that encourage social media users to participate in blatant benevolence. Drawing on costly signalling and self-presentation theories, this study undertakes a multi-method approach with the aim to explore social media users' motivation of posting prosocial behaviour on social media platforms by identifying the antecedents of blatant benevolence. Using the interview data from 126 social media users, the study first applies rigorous grounded theory analysis to identify factors that lead to blatant benevolence, and subsequently employs a survey method approach, comprising data from 342 social media users, to empirically test the factors identified. Our findings show that desire for social network enhancement and warm glow attainment are the significant drivers that motivate people to post prosocial behaviours on social media. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings for social media behaviour researchers and charity organizations are also discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have captured the experiences of teachers teaching online, but the current 'emergency' to teach online is unprecedented and has been challenging. Grounded in the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper attempts to recapitulate the experiences of university teachers and analyses whether they have developed the consonant cognitions to teach online during the pandemic period or would they prefer switching back to 'normal' teaching as soon as the circumstances permit. Technology-enabled teaching has been found to be complex as it mandates teaching in a computerised setting and lacks an element of social interaction, which is at the heart of face-to-face teaching. Using Structural Equation Modelling, this study presents the determining factors that motivate teachers to embrace technology-driven teaching more convincingly. The study finds that in the absence of adequate training imparted to the teachers for developing technological and pedagogical knowledge (TPK), high psychological capital and facilitating conditions are the two most important factors ensuring teaching proficiency, creating positive online experiences and a continued intention to teach online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical manipulatives, such as rods or tiles, are widely used for mathematics learning, as they support embodied cognition, enable the execution of epistemic actions, and foster conceptual metaphors. Counting them, children explore, rearrange, and reinterpret the environment through the haptic channel. Vision generally complements physical actions, which makes using traditional manipulatives limited for children with visual impairments (VIs). Digitally augmenting manipulatives with feedback through alternative modalities might improve them. We specifically discuss conveying number representations to children with VIs using haptic and auditory channels within an environment encouraging exploration and supporting active touch counting strategies while promoting reflection. This paper presents LETSMath, a tangible system for training basic mathematical skills of children with VIs, developed through Design-Based Research with three iterations in which we involved 19 children with VIs and their educators. We discuss how the system may support training skills in the composition of numbers and the impact that the different system features have on slowing down the interaction pace to trigger reflection, on understanding, and on incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of personal social media has become prevalent in the work environment and has caused significant psychological and behavioural problems among employees. These problems call for in-depth study. In this paper, we develop a usage experience–stressor–strain model to examine the consequences of excessive social media usage behaviour of employees at work, revealing the effects of different excessive usage patterns (i.e. social, hedonic, and cognitive) on employees' psychological state (i.e. emotional exhaustion) and behavioural outcome (i.e. job performance) through dimensions of social media overload (i.e. information, communication, and social). We empirically test the research model with a survey of 422 employees who use social media at work. Our analysis presents that excessive social use at work is the major predictor of dimensions of overload. Furthermore, in contrast to the single effect of communication overload on emotional exhaustion and social overload on job performance, information overload has a significant impact on both emotional exhaustion and job performance of employees. This study advances our understanding of the complex relationships between excessive usage patterns, overload, emotional exhaustion, and job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how online practices relate to empowering outcomes at individual and community levels. To understand the phenomenon in a natural setting, a virtual ethnography approach to Indonesian online domestic migrant workers' communities was adopted to explore the empowerment of migrant domestic workers. The findings show that, at an individual level, migrant domestic workers need to engage in various practices, which contribute to their well-being. The well-being of migrants can be assessed in terms of their self-efficacy, self-esteem, reduced loneliness and reduced stress, all of which enhance their capabilities to take control over migration processes. But, as a community, they can conduct online practices that contribute to their ability to improve their communal external engagement. Community's external engagement contributes to the awareness of their power and abilities to take action towards change. Online communities enable migrant domestic workers, who live in an isolated workplace, to penetrate the boundaries and engage in various practices that empower them as individuals and community as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents key aspects that designers and Human–Computer Interaction practitioners might encounter when designing multimodal interaction for older adults, focusing on the trade-offs that might occur as part of the design process. The paper gathers literature on multimodal interaction and assistive technology, and describes a set of design challenges specific for older users. Building on these main design challenges, four trade-offs in the design of multimodal technology for this target group are presented and discussed. To highlight the relevance of the trade-offs in the design process of multimodal technology for older adults, two of the four reported trade-offs are illustrated with two user studies that investigate mid-air and speech-based interaction with a tablet device. The first study explores the design trade-offs related to redundant multimodal commands in older, middle-aged and younger adults, whereas the second one investigates the design choices related to the definition of a set of mid-air one-hand gestures and voice input commands for older adults. Further reflections highlight the design trade-offs that such considerations bring in the process, providing an overview of the design choices involved and of their potential consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]