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Abstract: Curcumin extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. has been shown to have inhibitory effects on cancers through its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. Emerging evidence demonstrates that curcumin can overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapies. Thus, the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activities of curcumin require further study. In our study, we first demonstrated that curcumin had anti-cancer effects on A549/DDP multidrug-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Further studies showed that curcumin altered miRNA expression; in particular, significantly downregulated the expression of miR-186∗ in A549/DDP. In addition, transfection of cells with a miR-186∗ inhibitor promoted A549/DDP apoptosis, and overexpression of miR-186∗ significantly inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis in A549/DDP cells. These observations suggest that miR-186∗ may serve as a potential gene therapy target for refractory lung cancer that is sensitive to curcumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]