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Plant extracts are considered as a promising alternative to chemical pest control agents. The chemistry of plant extracts varies with several environmental as well as geographical factors. Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe also known as "Rosy Ginger" and " Jangli Adrak" is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plant of family Zingiberaceae. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of altitude on the chemical composition, nematicidal and herbicidal activity of Z. roseum rhizome and seed extracts. The plants were collected from three different altitudes of Kumaun, Uttarakhand representing different environmental conditions. The extracts were prepared in acetone using cold percolation method. The compositional variation in chemical constituents of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The yield and chemical composition of extracts showed a significant altitudinal impact. Nematicidal activity of extracts was performed against Meloidogyne incognita. Results showed that the extracts exhibited significant nematode mortality irrespective of the altitudinal gradients. A significant correlation of altitudinal gradient was observed for the nematode egg hatchability reduction for the rhizome extracts. It was observed that plants growing at higher altitudes had better egg hatchability reduction (86.42 ± 2.30% at 1000 μg/mL after 96 h), compared with those growing at lower elevations. The herbicidal activity of rhizome and seed extracts was performed against radish and chicory seeds and the extracts showed different level of intensity of germination percentage, root and shoot length inhibition. In silico molecular docking was conducted to screen the nematicidal activity of major and potent compounds with the crystalline structure of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of Caenorhabditis elegans and Wuchereria bancrofti , and Glutathione S-transferase-1 (GST-1) of M. incognita. Based on the current study, extract of Z. roseum may be regarded as potential nematicidal and herbicidal agents and may have potential application as botanicals. [Display omitted] • Altitude locations notably impacted Zingiber roseum extracts' chemical compounds. • Geranylgeraniol, β-sitosterol, and (E)-13-octadecenoic acid were key components. • Zingiber roseum extracts showed significant nematicidal and herbicidal activities. • In-silico study showed interactions of the key components with nematode protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. (Family: Zingiberaceae) traditionally known as bitter ginger or shampoo ginger in India is cultivated mostly in tropical and subtropical regions all across the world. All the plant parts of Z. zerumbet have wide applications for traditional as well as medicinal purposes. The present communication phytochemically analyzes different plant parts of Zingiber zerumbet viz. leaves (ZZLEO), cone (ZZCEO), root (ZZREO), and rhizomes (ZZZEO) cultivated in the foothills of Uttarakhand providing all the agroclimatic conditions. GC-MS analysis confirms (E)-nerolidol as the major compound in ZZLEO and ZZCEO with 49.44% and 52.67% contribution respectively while zerumbone was found to be the major compound of ZZREO and ZZZEO constituting 72.23% and 70.25% of the total oil respectively. Four of the collected oils were dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes viz. 81.61% in ZZREO, 78.16% in ZZZEO, 65.42% in ZZCEO and 51.50% in ZZLEO. Principal component analysis (PCA) presented a total variance of 98.0% showing a positive correlation with zerumbone (63.9% variation along PC1) and with (E)-nerolidol (34.1% variation along PC2). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed two clusters grouped by a set of compounds from that of roots and rhizomes while another cluster characterized by the compounds obtained from leaves and cones due to their high chemical diversity in a number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Therefore, there are significant differences in the chemical compositions of the different plant parts of Z. zerumbet. • The study analyzes the chemical composition of different plant parts of Zingiber zerumbet. • Leaf and cone oils were rich in (E)-nerolidol (49.44%–52.67%). • Zerumbone (70.25–72.23%) was identified as the major rhizome and root oil compound. • PCA showed the relation between EOs constituents and different plant parts used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. is an important perennial medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia. In this communication, the physicochemical differences in essential oil yield and chemical composition are investigated in relation to different comminution methods of Z. zerumbet rhizomes. The essential oils were extracted from the rhizomes using different comminution methods, namely grating (GR), chopping (CR), slicing (SR), using a mixture grinder (MR), and using a pestle mortar (PR). The essential oil of fresh rhizomes (FR) was also extracted to look for chemical variations depending on the respective comminution methods. Over thirty-three compounds were identified in the collections using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Zerumbone (69.66 ± 2.17 %- 73.9 ± 3.76%) was identified as the major compound in the collections followed by α-humulene (5.40 ± 1.38–14.99 ± 0.74%), humulene oxide-I (3.10 ± 0.23–3.81 ± 0.46%), humulene oxide-II (2.05 ± 0.06–2.47 ± 0.63%) and camphene (3.33 ± 0.68–3.56 ± 0.33%). • The physicochemical variation in the EOs due to different comminution methods was studied. • Over thirty-three compounds were identified in the collections using GC-FID/GC-MS. • Zerumbone (69.66 ± 2.17 %- 73.9 ± 3.76%) was identified as the major compound. • α-humulene (5.40–7.80% for 3 samples vs 13.41–14.99% for 2 samples) varied substantially. • PCA showed relation between EOs constituents and different comminution methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fundamental problem confronting ginger production is uniform susceptibility of all cultivars to soft rot disease caused by Pythium spp. Resistance gene candidate sequences (RGCs) belonging to non-TIR (Toll-Interleukin receptor) NBS-LRR (Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat) class of resistance (R) genes was previously identified from cultivated and wild Zingiber taxa including Zingiber zerumbet, a putative resistance donor. Efficiency and sensitivity of SSCP (Single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis over RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis in discriminating Pythium susceptible and resistant Zingiber accessions is being described here. Zingiber RGCs detected 29.5% polymorphism in Z. zerumbet, 12.34% in Zingiber cernuum and no polymorphism in the analyzed ginger cultivars. Results are discussed in terms of their mode of propagation and R gene evolution in the wild and cultivated accessions. Four RGCs designated ZzP226, ZcP28, ZoP26 and ZcP623 that yielded Z. zerumbet specific bands constitute important genomic tools for isolation of full-length R-genes from resistant germplasm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]