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Leucosceptrum canum Sm. , belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a colorful, aromatic woody plant renowned for its nectar production. Extensive phytochemical research over the years has led to the identification of numerous chemical constituents within L. canum , particularly highlighting diterpenoids and sesterterpenoids as its characteristic compounds. L. canum has demonstrated a wide range of biological activities including antibacterial, cytotoxic, antifeedant, insecticidal, herbicidal, immunomodulatory and showed potential properties for treatment of heat stroke, anonymous swollen, impetigo, suppurative osteomyelitis, traumatic injury, and bleeding wound. Phytochemical investigation on L. canum exhibits chemophenetic significance based on its characteristic compounds. Additionally, sesterterpenoids and some other compounds serve as valuable chemotaxonomic marker of this genus, since there are no reports on their isolation from other genera and families. In the current article, the latest research progress on L. canum was reviewed to have a more comprehensive and systemic understanding of the plant. Further exploration of its pharmacological potential and elucidation of its chemical diversity could pave the way for novel applications and therapeutic interventions. [Display omitted] • Leucosceptrum canum Sm. (Lamiaceae) is a colored, fragrant, nectar woody plant. • Diterpenoids and sesterterpenoids are identified as the characteristic compounds. • L. canum is a potent insecticidal agent. • L. canum possesses antibacterial, cytotoxic, antifeedant, insecticidal, herbicidal, and immunomodulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepeta hindostana , commonly known as the North Indian Catmint, is an important Indian aromatic and medicinal plant of family Lamiaceae. Its leaves are extensively used as cardiac tonic and gargle to cure sore throat in the form of extract or decoction. However, there are few reports on the chemical composition and biological activities of leaf essential oil, while the root essential oil has not yet been explored. In this context, the present study is aimed to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate different biological activities of the essential oil (EO) from aerial and root part of the plant. Thus, the EOs were hydro-distilled from aerial parts (stem, leaf, flower) and roots of the plant and analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-four and thirty-four compounds, contributing 95.5% and 90.7% of the total oil composition, were identified in aerial and root EOs, respectively. Both the oils appeared to be antioxidant via in-vitro methods. Aerial and root EOs showed albumin denaturation activity with relative IC 50 values of 20.46 ± 0.21 μg/mL and 31.79 ± 0.28 μg/mL. Root EO exhibited higher α-amylase inhibition activity (IC 50 = 10.86 ± 0.45 μg/mL) than aerial part EO (IC 50 = 25.33 ± 0.24 μg/mL). Both the EOs exerted a prominent antifeedant activity against Spilosoma obliqua. The bioactivity of the main identified compounds in the EOs were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) tools. Furthermore, molecular docking studies highlighted that β-sitosterol had the most efficient binding affinity with NADPH oxidase and alpha-amylase receptors. [Display omitted] • Nepeta hindostana is an important aromatic and medicinal plant. • Essential oils (EOs) from aerial (A) and root (R) parts were analyzed by GC-MS. • m-Camphorene and methyl linoleate were mostly abundant in A and R EOs, respectively. • In-silico pass prediction and molecular docking studies were carried out. • The EOs can be explored for antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and antifeedant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extracts are considered as a promising alternative to chemical pest control agents. The chemistry of plant extracts varies with several environmental as well as geographical factors. Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe also known as "Rosy Ginger" and " Jangli Adrak" is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plant of family Zingiberaceae. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of altitude on the chemical composition, nematicidal and herbicidal activity of Z. roseum rhizome and seed extracts. The plants were collected from three different altitudes of Kumaun, Uttarakhand representing different environmental conditions. The extracts were prepared in acetone using cold percolation method. The compositional variation in chemical constituents of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The yield and chemical composition of extracts showed a significant altitudinal impact. Nematicidal activity of extracts was performed against Meloidogyne incognita. Results showed that the extracts exhibited significant nematode mortality irrespective of the altitudinal gradients. A significant correlation of altitudinal gradient was observed for the nematode egg hatchability reduction for the rhizome extracts. It was observed that plants growing at higher altitudes had better egg hatchability reduction (86.42 ± 2.30% at 1000 μg/mL after 96 h), compared with those growing at lower elevations. The herbicidal activity of rhizome and seed extracts was performed against radish and chicory seeds and the extracts showed different level of intensity of germination percentage, root and shoot length inhibition. In silico molecular docking was conducted to screen the nematicidal activity of major and potent compounds with the crystalline structure of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of Caenorhabditis elegans and Wuchereria bancrofti , and Glutathione S-transferase-1 (GST-1) of M. incognita. Based on the current study, extract of Z. roseum may be regarded as potential nematicidal and herbicidal agents and may have potential application as botanicals. [Display omitted] • Altitude locations notably impacted Zingiber roseum extracts' chemical compounds. • Geranylgeraniol, β-sitosterol, and (E)-13-octadecenoic acid were key components. • Zingiber roseum extracts showed significant nematicidal and herbicidal activities. • In-silico study showed interactions of the key components with nematode protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study involves the phytochemical analysis and assessing potential synergies among essential oils (EOs) against pests. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial part (ASAO) and the root part (ASRO) of Artimisia scoparia , and from the aerial part of Centratherum punctatum (CPAO). The EOs yield ranged from 0.5 to 0.1% (v/w). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 35, 43, and 49 compounds, constituting 99.2%, 98.34%, and 99.93% in ASAO, ASRO, and CPAO, respectively. Capillene was identified as the dominant compound both in ASAO and ASRO, but in variable amounts. Caryophyllene oxide (36.4%) was identified as the major component of CPAO. Pure EOs were blended in binary and ternary mixtures at ratios to analyze their synergistic effect against pests. The nematicidal activity (percent mortality and egg hatchability against Meloidogyne incognita at different concentrations was evaluated and the ternary mixture (ASAO + ASRO + CPAO) was found to be most effective at 1 μL/mL with 55.67 ± 1.41% larval immobility at 96 h of exposure. The antifeedant activity of pure and blended EOs was examined against Spodoptera litura using the leaf-dip method. Individually ASAO was most effective with 66.91% feeding inhibition, however the ternary combination showed 58.03% feeding inhibition. Moreover, molecular docking of selected volatiles (≥4% area) from the tested samples was carried out to analyze the interactions with target protein; acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST-1) and the ligands interacted favourably with the target proteins. The blending of EOs resulted in synergistic effects, enhancing their efficacy. Data acquired highlighted that A. scoparia and C. punctatum essential oils could be natural alternatives for nematode control and pest control in agriculture. • The essential oils of Artemisia scoparia and Centratherum punctatum were studied. • Synergistic effects of blended essential oils have been observed. • Nematicidal and antifeedant activities were evaluated. • Molecular docking predicted interaction with target proteins. • These essential oils could be useful for natural pest management in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils (EOs) of the five Strobilanthes species viz., S. angustifrons C. B. Clarke , S. pentastemonoid M, (Nees) T. Anderson, S. tomentosa (Nees) J.R.I.Wood, S. attenuata (Wall. ex Nees) Jacq. ex Nees and S. glutinosa (Nees) collected from different locations of Kumaon region, Uttarakhand, India were examined and reported for the first time. The essential oils were analysed for their chemical composition by GC-MS. The yield of the hydro distilled essential oils was ranging from 0.2 to 0.3% (v/w). GC-MS results revealed a wide variability in the chemical composition among the studied Strobilanthes species. Among the biological activities, highest anti-inflammatory activity was recorded for S. angustifrons EO (IC 50 = 9.6 ± 0.57 μL/mL). Highest antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and metal chelating activity was shown by S. pentastemonoid EO (IC 50 = 15.32 ± 0.48 μL/mL and 23.29 ± 0.13 μL/mL, respectively). Highest antioxidant activity in terms of H 2 O 2 scavenging activity and highest antidiabetic activity was shown by S. attenuate EO (IC 50 = 21.82 ± 0.53 μL/mL) and S. tomentosa EO (IC 50 = 21.82 ± 0.53 μL/mL), respectively. The biological activity data revealed the significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of the studied Strobilanthes species. Therefore, the essential oils of these species can be a good natural product to be used as ecofriendly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic agents. • Essential oil composition of five Strobilanthes species significantly varied from each other. • Essential oils showed significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities. • Biological activities varied based on the chemical compositions among the populations. • Chemical constituents showed significant correlation with biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]