1. Endemism increases species' climate change risk in areas of global biodiversity importance
- Author
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Mariana M. Vale, Mark J. Costello, Gautam Talukdar, Anindita Debnath, Tasnuva Khan, Heath Beckett, Jeff Price, Shobha S. Maharaj, Kerry-Anne Grey, Cristina Krause, Eleanor S. Devenish-Nelson, Wolfgang Kiessling, Stella Manes, Guy F. Midgley, and Rhosanna Jenkins
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Extinction ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Biodiversity ,Climate change ,Introduced species ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Climate change mitigation ,Geography ,sense organs ,Endemism ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Global biodiversity - Abstract
Climate change affects life at global scales and across systems but is of special concern in areas that are disproportionately rich in biological diversity and uniqueness. Using a meta-analytical approach, we analysed >8000 risk projections of the projected impact of climate change on 273 areas of exceptional biodiversity, including terrestrial and marine environments. We found that climate change is projected to negatively impact all assessed areas, but endemic species are consistently more adversely impacted. Terrestrial endemics are projected to be 2.7 and 10 times more impacted than non-endemic natives and introduced species respectively, the latter being overall unaffected by climate change. We defined a high risk of extinction as a loss of >80% due to climate change alone. Of endemic species, 34% and 46% in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and 100% and 84% of island and mountain species were projected to face high extinction risk respectively. A doubling of warming is projected to disproportionately increase extinction risks for endemic and non-endemic native species. Thus, reducing extinction risks requires both adaptation responses in biodiversity rich-spots and enhanced climate change mitigation.
- Published
- 2021