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Both spikelet removal and low temperature stress largely reduced photosynthate allocation to wheat grain; the former stimulated the average N2O emissions by 31.3% and 33.2% under the field and pot conditions; the latter increased average N2O emission by 19.9% under pot condition. Spikelet removal and low temperature stress significantly reduced total plant N uptake, thereby increasing soil NO3–-N content, and increased root biomass. Our findings indicated that photosynthate allocation affects the soil N2O emissions from wheat fields through altering plant N uptake and root growth, and suggest that promoting photosynthate allocation to grain may not only benefit higher wheat yield but also mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]