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Colorectal cancer is a high death rate cancer until now; from the clinical view, the diagnosis of the tumour region is critical for the doctors. But with data accumulation, this task takes lots of time and labor with large variances between different doctors. With the development of computer vision, detection and segmentation of the colorectal cancer region from CT or MRI image series are a great challenge in the past decades, and there still have great demands on automatic diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed a novel transfer learning protocol, called CST, that is, a union framework for colorectal cancer region detection and segmentation task based on the transformer model, which effectively constructs the cancer region detection and its segmentation jointly. To make a higher detection accuracy, we incorporate an autoencoder-based image-level decision approach that leverages the image-level decision of a cancer slice. We also compared our framework with one-stage and two-stage object detection methods; the results show that our proposed method achieves better results on detection and segmentation tasks. And this proposed framework will give another pathway for colorectal cancer screen by way of artificial intelligence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Dong Sui et al.)

The incidence of oral cancer is still increasing. It has become very common in patients with malignant tumors, which has forced medical personnel to continuously explore its treatment methods. What kind of method can effectively and correctly diagnose the disease in the early stage and improve the survival rate has become one of the research topics that have attracted much attention. Aiming at this problem, it has great research significance for the field of oral precancerous lesions diagnosis. With the in-depth research on oral precancerous diagnosis, the research on artificial neural network (ANN) in medical diagnosis is gradually carried out. Its performance advantage is of great significance to solve the problem of early and correct disease diagnosis. This paper aimed to investigate the application of ANN-assisted cancer risk prediction method in risk prediction of oral precancerous lesions. Through the analysis and research of ANN and oral cancer, the construction of oral cancer risk prediction model was applied to solve the problem of improving the survival rate of oral cancer patients. In this paper, ANN and oral precancerous lesions were analyzed, the performance of the algorithm was experimentally analyzed, and the relevant theoretical formulas were used to explain. The results showed that the method had higher accuracy than traditional forecasting methods. When N = 2 , the output accuracy was above 90%. It can be seen that the algorithm can meet the needs of the diagnosis of high-risk groups of oral cancer lesions, and the diagnosis efficiency and patient survival rate has been greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, people's living standards are getting higher and higher, and life pressure is also increasing, and there are also many problems in eating habits. This is also the direct cause of colon cancer. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether anesthetic drugs could positively affect the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In this paper, the significance of anesthetic drugs is proposed, and an artificial neural network algorithm based on artificial intelligence is proposed. It is well known that artificial neural networks play an important role in medicine. The experimental results of this paper show that the incidence of colon cancer in 2020 will be in the range of 5%-35%, and the incidence of colon cancer in 2021 will be in the range of 7%-30%. While colon cancer rates in 2021 do not appear to be as high as colon cancer rates in 2020, they are generally much higher than colon cancer rates in 2020. It can be seen that as the population ages, the number of colon cancer patients is increasing due to the lack of emphasis on health. This also means that the incidence of colon cancer is getting higher and higher, and traditional drug chemotherapy has been unable to play a good role in inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Therefore, this paper investigated the effects of anesthetic drugs on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) scholars and mediciners have reported AI systems that accurately detect medical imaging and COVID-19 in chest images. However, the robustness of these models remains unclear for the segmentation of images with nonuniform density distribution or the multiphase target. The most representative one is the Chan-Vese (CV) image segmentation model. In this paper, we demonstrate that the recent level set (LV) model has excellent performance on the detection of target characteristics from medical imaging relying on the filtering variational method based on the global medical pathology facture. We observe that the capability of the filtering variational method to obtain image feature quality is better than other LV models. This research reveals a far-reaching problem in medical-imaging AI knowledge detection. In addition, from the analysis of experimental results, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a good effect on detecting the lung region feature information of COVID-19 images and also proves that the algorithm has good adaptability in processing different images. These findings demonstrate that the proposed LV method should be seen as an effective clinically adjunctive method using machine-learning healthcare models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To review the progress of research on photoplethysmography- (PPG-) based cuffless continuous blood pressure monitoring technologies and prospect the challenges that need to be addressed in the future. Methods. Using Web of Science and PubMed as search engines, the literature on cuffless continuous blood pressure studies using PPG signals in the recent five years were searched. Results. Based on the retrieved literature, this paper describes the available open datasets, commonly used signal preprocessing methods, and model evaluation criteria. Early researches employed multisite PPG signals to calculate pulse wave velocity or time and predicted blood pressure by a simple linear equation. Later, extensive researches were dedicated to mine the features of PPG signals related to blood pressure and regressed blood pressure by machine learning models. Most recently, many researches have emerged to experiment with complex deep learning models for blood pressure prediction with the raw PPG signal as input. Conclusion. This paper summarized the methods in the retrieved literature, provided insight into the artificial intelligence algorithms employed in the literature, and concluded with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for the development of cuffless continuous blood pressure monitoring technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgery is one of the larger wounds in conventional surgery, and patients often experience different pain and postural discomfort after surgery. With the ever-changing standards of medical care and patient care requirements, providing high-quality care to postoperative patients is an important measure to reduce complications and promote rapid recovery. However, in the traditional postsurgical nursing methods, there are often the phenomenon that wrong patients are connected, patient data is messy, and medicines are counted incorrectly, which directly leads to a rapid decline in nursing efficiency. In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data, intelligent medical data analysis technology has gradually been integrated into the medical field. This paper analyzes and studies the application effect of intelligent medical data analysis technology in postoperative nursing. It is aimed at changing the traditional postoperative nursing methods and improving nursing efficiency, and it provides important suggestions for the development of postoperative nursing in the new era. Combining big data and Internet of Things technology, this paper builds a smart medical Internet of Things framework and an intelligent postoperative care system and uses machine learning algorithms to preprocess relevant medical data. The final experimental results show that the intelligent medical data analysis technology has a good effect in improving the nursing efficiency after surgery, and the nursing efficiency has increased by 6.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden arrival of the new crown epidemic has had a significant and long-lasting impact on the division's economic environment as well as the production and operation activities of businesses. As far as the financial management is concerned, opportunities and difficulties are faced by enterprises of all types. With reference to the available research data, enterprises have an important contribution to GDP and jobs, but they still face a series of difficulties and challenges in their development in the context of the normalization of the epidemic. By analyzing the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on the financial management work of enterprises, this paper proposes an artificial neural network-based enterprise financial forecasting and early warning method to provide an effective method for enterprise financial management. For the time-series characteristics of enterprise finances, a prediction model based on long- and short-term memory networks is developed which acknowledges the necessity of combining the temporal dimension with the spatial dimension for forecasting. This model incorporates time qualities into the data to the existing forecasting model. It also considers both working and nonworking day data and thoroughly considers the factors influencing corporate finance. Then, using BP neural network for financial risk prediction, nonfinancial index factors should be added to the financial early warning model thus eliminating the limitations of the financial early warning model. At the same time, the accuracy of the prediction can be improved which is more suitable for enterprises to apply in practice. The experimental results demonstrate that the financial prediction model built by multilayer feed forward neural networks and recurrent neural networks based on error back propagation training is inferior to the prediction model built by long- and short-term memory network. Regardless of the degree of fitting or prediction accuracy, the BP neural network model outperforms the conventional model for enterprise financial warning. Under the normalization of the pandemic, the combined use of both can offer an efficient technique for enterprise management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that most patients after PCI cannot adhere to the cardiac rehabilitation program. The survey found that due to the lack of secondary prevention of cardiac rehabilitation, the phenomenon of drug reduction and withdrawal after PCI is very common after discharge, leading to recurrence of the patient's disease or worsen and repeated hospitalizations, so continuity of care is very important. In this paper, in addition to proposing a network care continuum with artificial intelligence handler in order to improve the healthcare system and provide new ideas for improving the postoperative recovery of CHD patients, we analyze the impact of PCI on the coronary heart disease patients' PCI postoperative quality of life. In the method part, this article introduces the concepts of continuation care and PCI after surgery, introduces the marker delivery algorithm in the field of artificial intelligence, and introduces the SF-36 scale for patient quality of life analysis. This article designs an experiment combining artificial intelligence processors to carry out network continuity care for patients and divides 100 eligible patients into an experimental group and a control group. In the analysis part, the two groups of patients were analyzed in terms of general data comparison, physical function, biochemical indicators, quality of life, and dependence. It can be seen from the experimental analysis that the anxiety and depression of the two groups of subjects have different degrees of decline. The HAMA value of the experimental group is 9.06 ± 0.77 , and the HAMD value is 9.18 ± 1.20 , which is significantly lower than that of the control group, P < 0.05. It can be seen that the use of network continuation care can reduce the negative emotions of patients more than general care. Through psychological counseling and postoperative follow-up, it can improve the optimism and positive emotions of the patients, reduce the negative emotions of the patients, and improve it to a certain extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Internet of Things (IoT) integrates several technologies where devices learn from the experience of each other thereby reducing human-intervened likely errors. Modern technologies like IoT and machine learning enable the conventional to patient-specific approach transition in healthcare. In conventional approach, the biggest challenge faced by healthcare professionals is to predict a disease by observing the symptoms, monitoring the remote area patient, and also attending to the patient all the time after being hospitalised. IoT provides real-time data, makes decision-making smarter, and provides far superior analytics, and all these to help improve the quality of healthcare. The main objective of the work was to create an IoT-based automated system using machine learning models for symptom-based COVID-19 prognosis. Methods. Comparative analysis of predictive microbiology of COVID-19 from case symptoms using various machine learning classifiers like logistics regression, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, decision trees, Naïve Bayes, and gradient booster is reported here. For the sake of the validation and verification of the models, performance of each model based on the retrieved cloud-stored data was measured for accuracy. Results. From the accuracy plot, it was concluded that k-NN was more accurate (97.97%) followed by decision tree (97.79), support vector machine (97.42), logistics regression (96.50), random forest (90.66), gradient boosting classifier (87.77), and Naïve Bayes (73.50) in COVID-19 prognosis. Conclusion. The paper presents a health monitoring IoT framework having high clinical significance in real-time and remote healthcare monitoring. The findings reported here and the lessons learnt shall enable the healthcare system worldwide to counter not only this ongoing COVID but many other such global pandemics the humanity may suffer from time to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was the assessment of the success of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm formed on a deep-convolutional neural network (D-CNN) model for the segmentation of apical lesions on dental panoramic radiographs. A total of 470 anonymized panoramic radiographs were used to progress the D-CNN AI model based on the U-Net algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir, Turkey) for the segmentation of apical lesions. The radiographs were obtained from the Radiology Archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. A U-Net implemented with PyTorch model (version 1.4.0) was used for the segmentation of apical lesions. In the test data set, the AI model segmented 63 periapical lesions on 47 panoramic radiographs. The sensitivity, precision, and F1-score for segmentation of periapical lesions at 70% IoU values were 0.92, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. AI systems have the potential to overcome clinical problems. AI may facilitate the assessment of periapical pathology based on panoramic radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of COVID-19 worldwide continues despite multidimensional efforts to curtail its spread and provide treatment. Efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered partial or full lockdowns across the globe. This paper presents a novel framework that intelligently combines machine learning models and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology specifically to combat COVID-19 in smart cities. The purpose of the study is to promote the interoperability of machine learning algorithms with IoT technology by interacting with a population and its environment to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study also investigates and discusses some solution frameworks, which can generate, capture, store, and analyze data using machine learning algorithms. These algorithms can detect, prevent, and trace the spread of COVID-19 and provide a better understanding of the disease in smart cities. Similarly, the study outlined case studies on the application of machine learning to help fight against COVID-19 in hospitals worldwide. The framework proposed in the study is a comprehensive presentation on the major components needed to integrate the machine learning approach with other AI-based solutions. Finally, the machine learning framework presented in this study has the potential to help national healthcare systems in curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic in smart cities. In addition, the proposed framework is poised as a pointer for generating research interests that would yield outcomes capable of been integrated to form an improved framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning have been applied to protein engineering, with unique advantages in protein structure, function prediction, catalytic activity, and other issues in recent years. Screening better mutants is still a bottleneck in protein engineering. In this paper, a new sequence-activity relationship method was analyzed for its application in improving the thermal stability of Aspergillus terreus (R)-ω-selective amine transaminase. The experimental data from 6 single-point mutated enzymes were used as a learning dataset to build models and predict the thermostability of 26 mutants. Based on digital signal processing (DSP), this method digitized the amino acid sequence of proteins by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and then established the best model applying partial least squares regression (PLSR) to screen out all possible mutants, especially those with high performance. In protein engineering, the innovative sequence activity relationship (ISAR) method can make a reasonable prediction using limited experimental data and significantly reduce the experimental cost. The half-life ( T 1 / 2 ) of (R)-ω-transaminase was fitted with the amino acid sequence by the ISAR algorithm, resulting in an R 2 of 0.8929 and a cvRMSE of 4.89. At the same time, the mutants with higher T 1 / 2 than the existing ones were predicted, laying the groundwork for better (R)-ω-transaminase in the later stage. The ISAR algorithm is expected to provide a new technique for protein evolution and screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are familiar with "diabetes," a chronic metabolic disease that causes resistance to insulin in the human body, and about 425 million cases worldwide. Diabetes is a hazard to human health since it can gradually cause significant damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. As a result, it is critical to recognize diabetes early on to minimize its negative consequences. Over the years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology and data mining methods are playing a crucial role in detecting diabetic patients. Considering this opportunity, we present a fine-tuned random forest algorithm with the best parameters (RFWBP) that is used with the RF algorithm and feature engineering to detect diabetes patients at an early stage. We have employed several data processing techniques (e.g., normalization, conversion into numerical data) to raw data during the prepossessing phase. After that, we further applied some data mining techniques, adding related characteristics to the primary dataset. Finally, we train the proposed RFWBP and conventional methods like the AdaBoost algorithm, support vector machine, logistic regression, naive Bayes, multilayer perceptron, and a regular random forest with the dataset. Furthermore, we also utilized 5-fold cross-validation to enhance the performance of the RFWBP classifier. The proposed RFWBP achieved an accuracy of 95.83% and 90.68% with and without 5-fold cross-validation, respectively. Moreover, the proposed RFWBP is compared with conventional machine learning methods to evaluate the performance. The experimental results confirm that the proposed RFWBP outperformed conventional machine learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Malignant mesothelioma (MM)" is an uncommon although fatal form of cancer. The proper MM diagnosis is crucial for efficient therapy and has significant medicolegal implications. Asbestos is a carcinogenic material that poses a health risk to humans. One of the most severe types of cancer induced by asbestos is "malignant mesothelioma." Prolonged shortness of breath and continuous pain are the most typical symptoms of the condition. The importance of early treatment and diagnosis cannot be overstated. The combination "epithelial/mesenchymal appearance of MM," however, makes a definite diagnosis difficult. This study is aimed at developing a deep learning system for medical diagnosis MM automatically. Otherwise, the sickness might cause patients to succumb to death in a short amount of time. Various forms of artificial intelligence algorithms for successful "Malignant Mesothelioma illness" identification are explored in this research. In relation to the concept of traditional machine learning, the techniques support "Vector Machine, Neural Network, and Decision Tree" are chosen. SPSS has been used to analyze the result regarding the applications of Neural Network helps to diagnose MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative methods are available for a wide range of medical conditions. Idealistically, doctors would have a tool that would analyse their patients' symptoms and suggest the most accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Artificial intelligence uses decision trees to predict and classify large datasets. A decision tree is a versatile prediction model. Its main purpose is to learn from observations and logic. Rule-based prediction systems represent and categorize events. We discuss the basic properties of decision trees and successful medical alternatives to the classic induction strategy. The study reviews some of the most important medical applications of decision trees (classification). We show researchers and managers how to accurately assess hospital and epidemic management behaviour. Additionally, we discuss decision trees and their applications. The results showed the effectiveness of decision trees in processing medical data by using internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technologies in medical applications. Accordingly, the researchers recommend the use of these technologies in other fields of studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science concerned with developing programs and computers that can gather data, reason about it, and then translate it into intelligent actions. AI is a broad area that includes reasoning, typical linguistic dispensation, machine learning, and planning. In the area of medicine and dentistry, machine learning is currently the most widely used AI application. This narrative review is aimed at giving an outline of cephalometric analysis in orthodontics using AI. Latest algorithms are developing rapidly, and computational resources are increasing, resulting in increased efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. Current techniques for completely automatic identification of cephalometric landmarks have considerably improved efficiency and growth prospects for their regular use. The primary considerations for effective orthodontic treatment are an accurate diagnosis, exceptional treatment planning, and good prognosis estimation. The main objective of the AI technique is to make dentists' work more precise and accurate. AI is increasingly being used in the area of orthodontic treatment. It has been evidenced to be a time-saving and reliable tool in many ways. AI is a promising tool for facilitating cephalometric tracing in routine clinical practice and analyzing large databases for research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain cancer is one of the cell synthesis diseases. Brain cancer cells are analyzed for patient diagnosis. Due to this composite cell, the conceptual classifications differ from each and every brain cancer investigation. In the gene test, patient prognosis is identified based on individual biocell appearance. Classification of advanced artificial neural network subtypes attains improved performance compared to previous enhanced artificial neural network (EANN) biocell subtype investigation. In this research, the proposed features are selected based on improved gene expression programming (IGEP) with modified brute force algorithm. Then, the maximum and minimum term survivals are classified by using PCA with enhanced artificial neural network (EANN). In this, the improved gene expression programming (IGEP) effectual features are selected by using remainder performance to improve the prognosis efficiency. This system is estimated by using the Cancer Genome Atlas (CGA) dataset. Simulation outputs present improved gene expression programming (IGEP) with modified brute force algorithm which achieves accurate efficiency of 96.37%, specificity of 96.37%, sensitivity of 98.37%, precision of 78.78%, F -measure of 80.22%, and recall of 64.29% when compared to generalized regression neural network (GRNN), improved extreme learning machine (IELM) with minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) method, and support vector machine (SVM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]