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Start Over Topic dendritic cells Journal biomed research international Publisher hindawi limited
5 results

1. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on Cytokine Profiles.

Author

Azad, Md. Abul Kalam, Sarker, Manobendro, and Wan, Dan

Subjects
*BIFIDOBACTERIUM, *CYTOKINES, *DENDRITIC cells, *EPITHELIAL cells, *IMMUNE system, *KILLER cells, *LACTOBACILLUS, *MACROPHAGES, *PHAGOCYTOSIS, *PROBIOTICS
Abstract

Probiotics confer immunological protection to the host through the regulation, stimulation, and modulation of immune responses. Researchers have shifted their attention to better understand the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, which have the potential to prevent or alleviate certain pathologies for which proper medical treatment is as yet unavailable. It has been scientifically established that immune cells (T- and B-cells) mediate adaptive immunity and confer immunological protection by developing pathogen-specific memory. However, this review is intended to present the recent studies on immunomodulatory effects of probiotics. In the early section of this review, concepts of probiotics and common probiotic strains are focused on. On a priority basis, the immune system, along with mucosal immunity in the human body, is discussed in this study. It has been summarized that a number of species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exert vital roles in innate immunity by increasing the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and phagocytosis of macrophages and mediate adaptive immunity by interacting with enterocytes and dendritic, Th1, Th2, and Treg cells. Finally, immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in different animal models have been extensively reviewed in this paper. Therefore, isolating new probiotic strains and investigating their immunomodulatory effects on cytokine profiles in humans remain a topical issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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2. In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Human Cornea in the Assessment of Peripheral Neuropathy and Systemic Diseases.

Author

Wang, Ellen F., Misra, Stuti L., and Patel, Dipika V.

Subjects
*CORNEA, *CONFOCAL microscopy, *PERIPHERAL neuropathy, *LANGERHANS cells, *INFLAMMATION, *DIABETIC neuropathies, *NONINVASIVE diagnostic tests, *DENDRITIC cells, *MICROSCOPY, *IN vivo studies, PERIPHERAL neuropathy diagnosis
Abstract

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the living human cornea offers the ability to perform repeated imaging without tissue damage. Studies using corneal IVCM have led to significant contributions to scientific and clinical knowledge of the living cornea in health and pathological states. Recently the application of corneal IVCM beyond ophthalmology to wider clinical and research fields has been demonstrated. Abnormalities of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus have been associated with many forms of peripheral neuropathy and Langerhans cells correlate with systemic inflammatory states. There is a rapidly growing evidence base investigating the use of corneal IVCM in many systemic conditions and a well-established evidence base for IVCM imaging of the corneal subbasal plexus in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This paper reviews the potential use of corneal IVCM in general clinical practice as a noninvasive method of assessing peripheral neuropathies, monitoring inflammatory states and clinical therapeutic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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3. The Immunobiology of Prostanoid Receptor Signaling in Connecting Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Author

Hedi Harizi

Subjects
Receptors, Prostaglandin, lcsh:Medicine, Review Article, Adaptive Immunity, Biology, Dinoprostone, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Humans, Inflammation, Innate immune system, General Immunology and Microbiology, Prostaglandin D2, lcsh:R, Innate lymphoid cell, CCL18, Pattern recognition receptor, Prostanoid, Dendritic Cells, General Medicine, Dendritic cell, Acquired immune system, Immunity, Innate, Cell biology, Killer Cells, Natural, chemistry, Immunology, Prostaglandins, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Signal Transduction
Abstract

Prostanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and prostacyclins, are synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. They are bioactive inflammatory lipid mediators that play a key role in immunity and immunopathology. Prostanoids exert their effects on immune and inflammatory cells by binding to membrane receptors that are widely expressed throughout the immune system and act at multiple levels in innate and adaptive immunity. The immunoregulatory role of prostanoids results from their ability to regulate cell-cell interaction, antigen presentation, cytokine production, cytokine receptor expression, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, cell-surface molecule levels, and cell migration in both autocrine and paracrine manners. By acting on immune cells of both systems, prostanoids and their receptors have great impact on immune regulation and play a pivotal role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. This paper focuses on the immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling because of their potential clinical relevance for various disorders including inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. We mainly discuss the effects of major COX metabolites, PGD2, PGE2, their signaling during dendritic cell (DC)-natural killer (NK) reciprocal crosstalk, DC-T cell interaction, and subsequent consequences on determining crucial aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in normal and pathological settings.

Published
2013

4. Immunogenic Cell Death: Can It Be Exploited in PhotoDynamic Therapy for Cancer?

Author

Elisa Panzarini, Valentina Inguscio, Luciana Dini, Panzarini, Elisa, Inguscio, V., and Dini, Luciana

Subjects
autophagy, Programmed cell death, Antigen-Presenting Cells, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Apoptosis, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Review Article, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immune system, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, apotosis, medicine, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, immunological cell death, Antigen-presenting cell, Heat-Shock Proteins, General Immunology and Microbiology, Cell Death, lcsh:R, Cancer, General Medicine, Dendritic Cells, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, Photochemotherapy, Cancer cell, Immunology, apotosi, Immunogenic cell death, Cytokines, Calreticulin
Abstract

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) could represent the keystone in cancer management since tumor cell death induction is crucial as well as the control of cancer cells revival after neoplastic treatment. In this context, the immune system plays a fundamental role. The concept of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) has been proposed to explain the immunogenic potential of stressed or dying/dead cells. ICD relies on DAMPs released by or exposed on dying cells. Once released, DAMPs are sensed by immune cells, in particular Dendritic Cells (DCs), acting as activators of Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs), that in turn stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, by exposing DAMPs, dying cancer cells change their surface composition, recently indicated as vital for the stimulation of the host immune system and the control of residual ill cells. It is well established that PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment ignites the immune system to elicit a specific antitumor immunity, probably linked to its ability in inducing exposure/release of certain DAMPs, as recently suggested. In the present paper, we discuss the DAMPs associated with PDT and their role in the crossroad between cancer cell death and immunogenicity in PDT.

Published
2013

5. What Is Recent in Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy?

Author

Domenico Prisco, Mario Milco D'Elios, Elena Niccolai, and Amedeo Amedei

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, T-Lymphocytes, lcsh:Medicine, Active immunotherapy, Review Article, oncology, pancreatic cancer, immunotherapy, Medical Oncology, Cancer Vaccines, Antibodies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Antigen, In vivo, Internal medicine, Pancreatic cancer, Monoclonal, medicine, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dendritic Cells, Immunotherapy, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Peptides, Prognosis, Treatment Outcome, Chemotherapy, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract

Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents an unresolved therapeutic challenge, due to the poor prognosis and the reduced response to currently available treatments. Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal type of digestive cancers, with a median survival of 4–6 months. Only a small proportion of PC patients is curative by surgical resection, whilst standard chemotherapy for patients in advanced disease generates only modest effects with considerable toxic damages. Thus, new therapeutic approaches, specially specific treatments such as immunotherapy, are needed. In this paper we analyze recent preclinical and clinical efforts towards immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer, including passive and active immunotherapy approaches, designed to target pancreatic-cancer-associated antigens and to elicit an antitumor responsein vivo.

Published
2013