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In this paper, the Oppositional Whale Optimization Algorithm (OWOA) is applied to Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) for the filtering of Electroencephalography/Event-Related Potentials (EEG/ERP) signals. Performance of ANC will be improved by calculating the optimal weight value and proposed OWOA technique is used to update weight value. Adaptive filter’s noise reduction capability has been tested through consideration of White Gaussian Noise (WGN) over contaminated EEG signals at various SNR levels ([Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]dB, [Formula: see text]15[Formula: see text]dB and [Formula: see text]20[Formula: see text]dB). The performance of the proposed OWOA algorithm is assessed in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in dB, mean value, and the correlation between resultant and input ERP. In this work, ANCs are also implemented by utilizing conventional gradient-based techniques like Recursive Least Square (RLS), Least Mean Square (LMS) and other optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and WOA techniques. In average cases of noisy environment, comparative analysis shows that the proposed OWOA technique provides higher SNR value and significantly lower mean, and correlation as compared to gradient-based and swarm-based techniques. The comparative results show that extracting the desired EEG component is more effective in the proposed OWOA method. So, it has seen that OWOA-based noise reduction technique removing the artifacts and improving the quality of EEG signals significantly for biomedical analysis.