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Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been previously identified as an effective adjunct treatment option for the management of brain injury, diabetic ulcers and chronic wounds. However, the roles of HBO as an adjunctive therapy for tumors remain controversial. The present research project was performed to explore the effects of HBO treatment on proliferation, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress response of the gastric cancer cell line, SGC7901. The present study demonstrated that, after subjecting SGC7901 cells to HBO treatment, the increase in cell proliferation was significant, compared with that of the control group. In addition, there was a significant increase in LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) level, as well as binding immunoglobulin protein level, and a significant decrease in CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein level. These suggested that hyperbaric oxygen treatment alone may promote proliferation and cell survival of gastric cancer cell SGC7901, and inhibit apoptosis through regulating cell autophagy and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]