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• A dammarane derivative (4-XL-PPD) was obtained by structural modification. • 4-XL-PPD showed much better anticancer activity than original compound AD-2 on cancer cells. • 4-XL-PPD-induction of apoptosis of can be attenuated by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine in gastric carcinoma cells. • 4-XL-PPD inhibits migratory and invasive. (20 R)-Dammarane-3 β , 12 β , 20, 25-tetrol (25-OH-PPD) is a ginsenoside isolated from Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer). Previous research shows that the compound exhibits anti-cancer activities on many human cancer cell lines. In an attempt to enhance 25-OH-PPD activity, some derivatives were synthesized. Through screening of the derivative compounds for anti-cancer activity against gastric carcinoma cells, 12 β - O -(L-Chloracetyl)-dammar-20(22)-ene-3 β , 25-diol (4-XL-PPD) was selected as a strong anti-cancer agent. In this study, the anti-cancer mechanisms of 4-XL-PPD were investigated. The results showed that compound 4-XL-PPD resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cells viability in gastric cancer cells, without affecting the viability of normal cell (human gastric epithelial cell line-GES-1). In BGC-803 cancer cells, 4-XL-PPD triggered apoptosis, and stimulated reactive oxygen species production. Apoptosis can be attenuated by the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. Meantime, 4-XL-PPD effectively suppressed the migratory and invasive capabilities of BGC-803 cancer cell and inhibited the expression levels of proteins associated with migratory and invasive capabilities (MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin and CD34). All the results suggest that 4-XL-PPD exhibited remarkable anticancer activity base on inducing apoptosis via generating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting migratory and invasive, which support development of 4-XL-PPD as a potential agent for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco is traditionally known to potentiate hair growth promotion. However, there has been no report on its main active ingredient responsible for the hair growth activity. In the current work, cedrol as a major constituent from P. orientalis was evaluated for its potential on hair growth in vivo . Different concentrations of cedrol (10, 20 and 30 mg/mL) were applied topically over the shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice and monitored for 21 days. Results indicated that cedrol significantly promoted hair growth in a dose-dependent manner, particularly for the female mice. Both male and female mice groups treated with 30 mg/mL cedrol required shorter time than the blank control and 2% minoxidil groups at different growth stages. Compared with the blank control (8.87 mm) and 2% minoxidil (9.94 mm) groups at 21 days, the hair length of female mice treated with 30 mg/mL cedrol showed a remarkable increase with the value of 11.07 mm. Hair in male and female mice groups treated with 30 mg/mL cedrol was heavier than the 2% minoxidil (38.2 and 35.9 mg, respectively) groups with the weight of 42.6 and 45.2 mg, respectively. Further observation of the hair follicle demonstrated that cedrol exerted a remarkable effect on the hair follicle length. These findings suggested that cedrol may be the main active ingredient of P. orientalis and have the potential of becoming a new hair growth promoter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]