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We previously reported that Plasmodium infection promotes antitumor immunity in a murine Lewis lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of Plasmodium infection on the tumor inhibition and antitumor CD8+ T cell responses in a murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBCA) model. The results showed that Plasmodium infection significantly inhibited tumor growth, and increased the survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice. Both effector and memory CD8+ T cells were increased in peripheral blood and tumor-draining lymph node (DLN) in the infected mice. The co-stimulatory (CD40L, GITR and OX-40) and co-inhibitory (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG3) immune checkpoints were up-regulated on CD8+ T cells in infected mice. Importantly, Py induced remarkable effects on the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor and granzym B+ CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice while not in tumor-free mice. In summary, the results suggested that the effects of Plasmodium infection on murine 4T1 breast cancer might be related to the induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. This finding may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Graphic summary for Plasmodium infection inhibiting triple negative 4T1 breast cancer potentially through induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor responses in mice [Display omitted] • Plasmodium infection inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival rate of triple negative 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. • Plasmodium infection increased the proportion of CD8+ effector and memory T cells in the infected mice. • Plasmodium infection induced remarkable effects on granzym B+ CD8+ T cell in tumor-bearing mice while not in tumor-free mice. • Plasmodium infection promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor tissues of the triple negative 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]