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Myocardial infarction has been reported to be responsible for about 7.3 million deaths each year globally. Present treatments for myocardial infarction have been more palliative rather than curative. Over the past few years, stem cells have demonstrated its potency in regenerating damaged cardiac tissue, especially after myocardial infarction. However, limited short half-life of the protein and cell therapy and low transplanted cell survival rate as demonstrated via several clinical trials have lead to development of more potent and novel delivery systems like biomaterial delivery system and the use of various growth factors. In this review, we will be enumerating and discussing the recent advances in cardiac regeneration with focus on stem cell, biomaterial and growth factors.

Nanoliposomes are type of nano-sized vesicles made of bi-layered phospholipid membranes with an aqueous interior. They have been demonstrated to deliver several materials like low molecular weight drugs, imaging agents, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nanoliposomes have been demonstrated to slowly release an encapsulated drug, thereby leading to sustained exposure to target region and improved efficacy. This ability of nano-liposomes can be harnessed to deliver therapeutic agents precisely to the infarcted heart. Accordingly, this article will review recent developments in the application of nano liposomes and nanoparticles as drug delivery systems to treat cardiovascular related disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis and myocardial infarction.